A Correlation Study on In Vitro Physiological Activities of Soybean Cultivars, 19 Individual Isoflavone Derivatives, and Genetic Characteristics

Abstract

The functionality of soybeans is an important factor in the selection and utilization of excellent soybean cultivars, and isoflavones are representative functional substances in soybeans, which exhibit effects on antioxidants, estrogen activity, and cancer, and prevent cardiovascular diseases. This study analyzed ABTS, DPPH, estrogen, ER (ER) alpha, UCP-1, and NO inhibition activities in 48 types of soybean cultivars, as well as the relationship with 19 isolated types of individual isoflavone derivatives. Statistical analysis was conducted to find individual isoflavone derivatives affecting physiological activities, revealing the high correlation of three types of derivatives: genistein 7-O-(6″-O-acetyl)glucoside (6″-O-acetylgenistin), genistein 7-O-(2″-O-apiosyl)glucoside, and glycitein. Based on these results, 15 types of soybean cultivars were selected (one control type, seven yellow types, six black types, and one green type), which have both high physiological activities and a high content of individual isoflavone derivatives. In addition, these high correlations were further verified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to determine the association between activities, substances, and genetic characteristics. This study comprehensively describes the relationship between the specific physiological activities of soybean resources, individual isoflavone derivative substances, and SNPs, which will be utilized for in-depth research, such as selection of excellent soybean resources with specific physiological activities.

Comprehensive characterization of flavonoid derivatives in young leaves of core-collected soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars based on high-resolution mass spectrometry

“…1B and Table 1). Among them, eleven isoflavones [28][29][30] 30 from the SLs, respectively, and provided similar fragmentation with the peaks 59 (6″-O-malonyldaidzin) and 70 (6″-O-malonylgenistin) well-known from soybean seeds and leaves (Supplementary Fig. S1, Supplementary Table S1 and Table 1) 16,23,25,[31][32][33][34][35] Quantification of 83 flavonoid derivatives in soybean leaves.…”

What Is the Relationship between Antioxidant Efficacy, Functional Composition, and Genetic Characteristics in Comparing Soybean Resources by Year?

“…Among the soybean resources owned by the National Agrobiodiversity Center at the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 48 varieties with high diversity (variety, landrace, and breeding line) were selected based on the results of the basic trait investigation registered in the Germplasm Management System [ 10 ]. The selected 48 resources and 2 control varieties were sown in June 2020 in the open field of the National Agrobiodiversity Center (located in Jung-dong, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do; latitude/longitude, 35° 4938.37 N/127° 0907.78 E), and the seeds were harvested in September, freeze-dried, and pulverized to form a powder.…”

“…In addition, some studies have identified the antidepressant, antiaging, antidiabetic, antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive effects of soybeans, in addition to finding that they improve metabolic syndromes [ 9 ]. A recent study divided isoflavones, known as one of the important substances related to the functionality of soybeans, into 19 individual components [ 10 , 11 ]. Aglycone-based compounds of genistein, daidzein, and glycitein are the main component groups: genistein derivatives include genistein 7- O -(6″- O -malonyl)glucoside (6″- O -malonylgenistin) and genistein 7- O -glucoside (genistin); daidzein derivatives include daidzein 7- O (6″- O -malonyl)glucoside (6″- O -malonyldaidzin) and daidzein 7- O -glucoside (daidzin); and glycitein derivatives include glycitein 7- O (6″- O -malonyl)glucoside (6″- O -malonylglycitin) and glycitein 7- O -glucoside (glycitin) [ 12 ].…”

“…Thus, in our preceding study, we conducted a statistical analysis on the relationship between the efficacy, functional substances (individual isoflavone derivatives), and genetic traits of soybeans by utilizing a large amount of soybean samples (resources) in reference to previous studies. As a result, our prior study explored individual isoflavone derivatives with a high efficacy and relevance and presented related genes by deriving meaningful results, contributing to the enhanced utilization of excellent genetic resources [ 10 ].…”

“…To overcome the changes in cultivation environments due to climate change and to select soybean resources with a high functionality, this study analyzed the relationship between the efficacy, substances, and genetic resource properties of soybean resources grown in 2019 and 2020 to identify annual variation. Our prior research conducted a study to present the relationship between the efficacy, materials, and genetic traits of 48 soybean resources cultivated and harvested in 2019 [ 10 ]. In 2020, this study re-examined which individual isoflavone derivatives and genes were directly involved in the efficacy of the same soybean resources cultivated on the same open field as in 2019 and compared their year-to-year differences.…”