A cost-effective anionic flocculant prepared by grafting carboxymethyl cellulose and lignosulfonate with acrylamide

Abstract

How to efficiently utilize most abundant biomass of cellulose, lignin and their derivatives has become an emerging challenge as the anticipative oil depletion. In this paper, the ternary anionic copolymer of carboxymethyl cellulose-acrylamide-lignosulfonate (CAL) was successfully prepared by hydrothermal polymerization. Based on the flocculation characteristics of cationic methylene blue, the optimal polymerization process was confirmed as the raw material ratio of 1:1:1, initiator dosage of 0.9 wt %, the reaction time was 5 h and the reaction temperature was 55 °C. The results showed that the decolorization ratio was 87.5% at the CAL dosage of 600 mg/L for the 500 mg/L methylene blue simulated wastewater. The CAL achieved fast flocculation kinetics and super color removal ratios in the wide ranges of environmental pH, temperature and salt concentration. The flocculation mechanism is single charge neutralization. Moreover, the estimated treatment cost of CAL is 68.3% lower than that of commercial anionic PAM. The prepared anionic CAL flocculant has the characteristics of environmental safety, excellent flocculation performance and cost-effectiveness, which shows great potential in the field of dye wastewater treatment, and also provides a feasible way for the effective utilization of biomass resources.

Microwave‐assisted synthesis, characterization, and application of tragacanth gum grafted copolymer as bioflocculant for the treatment of textile wastewater using coagulation‐flocculation technique: Swelling behavior and biodegradation studies

“…An enhanced monomer concentration causes to accumulation of monomer free radicals near the backbone, which results in the formation of graft copolymers. Nevertheless, when the monomer concentration is increased, the primary radicals exhibit a preference for attacking the monomer rather than engaging in reactions with the backbone polymer 24,46 . The optimal concentration of monomers is determined to be 57.14 g/L.…”

“…Nevertheless, when the monomer concentration is increased, the primary radicals exhibit a preference for attacking the monomer rather than engaging in reactions with the backbone polymer. 24,46 The optimal concentration of monomers is determined to be 57.14 g/L.…”

Natural-based coagulants/flocculants as sustainable market-valued products for industrial wastewater treatment: a review of recent developments

“…Magnetic cellulose-based flocculants have the ability to utilize the flocculating properties of cellulose and facilitate the magnetic separation when be modified by magnetic nanoparticles. 112,113…”

“…44,48,61,67 Similarly, micro-organism-based coagulants/occulants may be effective, but their production and use may be more complex. 68,113 Additionally, the extraction/ production of most NC/Fs can be complicated, time-consuming and expensive, making it difficult to meet the high demand for these products. Despite numerous investigations on the coagulation mechanism utilizing NC/Fs, there are still limitations.…”

Flocculation Performance of Industrial Sugarcane Juice by Acrylamide-Based Anionic Flocculant

“…Anionic acrylamide copolymer flocculants are charged copolymers due to the presence of carboxylate, sulfonate, or phosphonate functional groups [12][13] These copolymers can be prepared by copolymerizing acrylamide with another vinyl-type monomer bearing the corresponding functional groups or with another chemically modified polyacrylamide [14]. Six different polymerization approaches can be applied to synthesize anionic polyacrylamide (APAM), i.e., homopolymerization posthydrolysis, homopolymerization cohydrolysis, copolymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization, precipitation polymerization, and radiation polymerization [15][16][17].…”