A cost-effective approach for abatement of cyanide using iron-impregnated activated carbon: kinetic and equilibrium study

Abstract

The present study is devoted for eliminating cyanide from wastewater through adsorption onto a surface impregnated with iron. It is seen that the impregnation of iron improves the removal efficacy of cyanide. Ferric nitrate nonahydrate has been used as impregnating agent, and Corncob, a waste material, has been used as a progenitor for the preparation of adsorbent. For determining the optimum conditions for impregnation of iron, response surface methodology has been employed. Combined effect of weight ratio, time, and temperature has been tested, and optimum condition has been obtained with weight ratio (1.0), time (1.50 h), and temperature (400 °C), and the sample made at this condition is named as iron-impregnated activated carbon (IIAC). While studying the adsorptive behavior of IIAC in contrast to activated Corncob without impregnation (ACWI), it has been found that for a cyanide solution of 50 mg L −1 , ACWI can remove only 61% of cyanide and IIAC is able to remove around 91% at a constant adsorbent dosage of 10 g L −1. The minimum (− 1) and maximum (+ 1) level of particle sizes (45-150 µm), adsorbent dosage (5-20 g L −1), and initial concentration (IC) of cyanide (5-50 mg L −1) on cyanide removal have been examined using ANOVA, at room temperature (25 °C) for knowing the dependence on the same. Maximum cyanide removal (99.58%) has been achieved at an optimum particle size of 100 µm, adsorbent dosage of 3.95 g L −1 , IC of 27.5 mg L −1 at pH 7.5 with IIAC. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models have been used for analyzing equilibrium data where Freundlich isotherm has been suitable. Different kinetic models have been employed to fit the data. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model has been found to be most applicable.

Application of hybrid artificial neural network (ANN)–particle swarm optimization (PSO) for modelling and optimization of the adsorptive removal of cyanide and phenol from wastewater using agro-waste-derived adsorbent

“…Therefore, an adsorbent dose of CIABT for the removal of cyanide and phenol has been chosen 10 g/L for further studies. Similar kinds of observations have been made by Agarwal et al (2019) and Dwivedi et al (2016) for the removal of cyanide. Higher removal at higher adsorbent dose for both cyanide and phenol has also been shown by Agarwal et al (2013a, b).…”

“…Adsorption is one of the most favoured, technically simple and efficacious methods for the treatment of cyanide and phenol from wastewater (Pramanik et al 2019). Various low-cost adsorbents, derived from waste materials such as coconut shells, apricot stone, banana peel, coffee husk, sawdust, plywood dust and corncob were used for the removal of said pollutants from wastewater (Kuyucak and Akcil 2013;Depci et al 2014;Abbas et al 2014;Gebresemati et al 2017;Singh et al 2018;Pramanik et al 2019;Agarwal et al 2019). Since these adsorbents were prepared from waste materials, they are economical.…”

“…Impregnation of metal ions onto adsorbents derived from such waste materials is another practice to increase the adsorptive capability of the native adsorbent. Metal impregnated activated carbon (MIAC) has shown its great potential to adsorb cyanide and phenol from wastewater in a number of studies (Agarwal et al 2013a(Agarwal et al , 2019Sing and Balomajumder 2015;Pramanik et al 2019). However, the amount of metal used as an impregnating agent with precursor material was found high in most of the research works, which led to an increase in the preparation cost of the adsorbents.…”

Oleic Acid-Tailored Geopolymer Microspheres with Tunable Porous Structure for Enhanced Removal from Tetracycline in Saline Water

“…The pseudo-first-order kinetic, pseudo-second-order kinetic and intra-particle diffusion models were used to fit the adsorption kinetic curve of TC by MM3 so as to elucidate the adsorption process. The equations of the three kinetic models [46] are presented in the Supplementary Materials (Equations (S1)-(S3)).…”