A coupled phase field/diffusional/mechanical framework for simulation of upper and lower bainitic transformation

A thermodynamic framework for the phase‐field approach considering carbide precipitation during phase transformations

“…In the current manuscript the thermodynamic framework of [2] was adjusted to model the microstructure evolution of steels by incorporating the grain boundary curvature and stored energy effects of [3] and [4]. Future improvements will consider the mechanical implications of the microstructural evolution.…”

“…The thermodynamic framework of [2] is adjusted to capture the grain boundary motion of [3] and [4]. It relies on generalized stresses and their balance forces formulated within the framework of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes.…”

Phase-field Modeling and Simulation of Solid-state Phase Transformations in Steels

“…Furthermore, in a recent study, the influence of an elastic field on the formation of bainitic microstructures was examined, wherein the formation of upper and lower bainitic microstructures were evaluated based on the competition between the diffusional and the displacive transformations. 94) Subsequently, Toloui et al proposed the MPF modeling of carbide-free bainitic microstructure formation without cementite precipitation using the MICRESS software. 95) In their study, the nucleation and interfacial anisotropies of bainitic ferrite were chosen phenomenologically to fit the volume fractions of the bainitic microstructure measured by their experiments.…”

“…7) for autocatalytic nucleation around the initially formed bainitic ferrite. 98) To accurately calculate the chemical driving force for the bainitic transformation, it would be desirable to calculate the competition between carbon diffusion and migration of the ferrite/ austenite interface, as discussed by Düsing et al 94) Although there are many phase-field models for the bainitic transformation, few phase-field models reported so far can reproduce the realistic bainitic microstructure morphology observed in experiments. This may not be due to the inability of the phase-field method to represent the physical phenomenon related to bainitic transformation.…”

Modeling diffusive phase transformation and fracture in viscoplastic materials

“…It can also be coupled with other physical ingredients such as elasticity (Dreyer and Müller, 2000;Düsing and Mahnken, 2019;Wang et al, 1993b), plasticity (Ammar et al, 2009a;Zhao et al, 2018) and viscoplasticity (Cottura et al, 2012;de Rancourt et al, 2016).…”