A COVID-19 mRNA vaccine encoding SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles induces a strong antiviral-like immune response in mice

Using bioinformatic protein sequence similarity to investigate if SARS CoV-2 infection could cause an ocular autoimmune inflammatory reactions?

“…This implies that during any immune response against SARS CoV-2 envelope (E) protein, these proteins may be perceived as E protein and may be subjected to an immune response by being recognised MHC I T cytotoxic and MHC II T helper cells as if they are antigenic. This theorical findings are consistent with the study conducted by Lu et al, and they showed a similar strong T cell immune response in mice an after systemic E protein immunization ( Lu et al, 2020 ).…”

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development

“…RNA vaccines have shown great promise in recent years and many of them are in development. Promising preclinical results have been published with a number of candidates 43,[56][57][58] and Pfizer and Moderna are currently the frontrunners and have vaccines in Phase III trials (Figure 4, Tables 1 and 2), Curevac and Arcturus are in Phase I/II trials and a candidates by Imperial College and the Chinese Liberation Army is in Phase I 32, 59,60 . Advantages of the technology are that the vaccine can be produced completely in vitro.…”

Nanocarrier vaccines for SARS-CoV-2

“…A single intramuscular dose of RQ3013-VLP in mice delivered 6 μg of S, 2.5 μg of M, and 1.5 μg of E mRNAs which induced higher S-protein spectifc binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies and stronger CD4 and CD8 immune responses compred to the RQ3012-Spike vaccine which encodes SARS-CoV-2 S protein mRNA into the lipid nanoparticles. These results suggest VLP technology as a better paltfrom for mRNA vaccine development compared to the traditional lipid nanoparticle formulation [ 351 ]. Although, the VLPs display repetative structures of the pathogen-derived epitopes, viral epitope sequences may not be sufficient immunogenic to elicit strong immune responses.…”