A Criminological Outlook of Cyber Crimes in Sexual Violence Against Children in Indonesian Laws

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cybercrimes in sexual violence against children in Indonesian laws. Act Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, concerning cybercrime specifically regulated in Indonesia. Of the various types of cybercrime that occur in Indonesia, it is interesting to study the vacuum norms governing cyber pornography carried out on children in Act Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. The crime can be said as violence against children whose punishment can be aggravated as stipulated in the Child Protection Act. This research is a normative legal study by examining the absence of norms in the ITE Law regarding sanctions imposed on perpetrators of child abuse in cyberspace. The study was conducted by using normative research methods so that utilizing primary legal materials such as the Criminal Code, Child Protection Act, Pornography Law, and Electronic Information and Transaction Law. Based on the collection and analysis of the legal material, the results showed that there is a need for criminal penalties for cyber pornography against children. This is done by considering the impact of the crime on the development of children and aims that the perpetrators deter and prevent similar crimes. The results practically contribute that the government is expected to play an active role in continuing to provide protection and assistance for psychological recovery from victims.

Behind Closed Doors: Exploring the Consequences of Parents Staying at Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Prevalence of Parental Violence Against Children

“…In addition, children aged 12-17 years old (41.1%) were more likely to experience violence compared to those aged less than 5 years old (25.2%) and 6-11 years old (33.7%). These findings are consistent with previous research by Beckmann et al (2021) and Arsawati et al (2021), which suggest that girls are more vulnerable to violence than boys and that older children are at a higher risk of violence. However, our study differs from studies by Piperno et al (2007) and Bezeczky et al (2020), which suggest that younger children may be more susceptible to violence.…”

“…Furthermore, 76.1% reported that their parents forced them to use explicit and graphic pornography, and 75.24% reported that their parents hurt them in their genitals. These findings correspond with studies by Nguyen et al (2021) and Arsawati et al (2021), which emphasize that all forms of sexual violence by parents towards children can include a range of behaviors, such as fondling, touching, or kissing a child's genitals or other intimate body parts, and forcing a child to engage in sexual activity or watch sexual acts. These behaviors can be accompanied by physical violence, threats, or coercion.…”

Cyber Victimisation, Restorative Justice and Victim-Offender Panels

“…Thus, usually the victim and the offender do not have any physical contact and there is a high likelihood that the offender is located in another legal system. This causes problems related to international and national legislation, as well as with extradition (Arsawati et al, 2021).…”

Cybercrime: A systematic review of the literature

“…Cybercrime: [18], [30], [31], [33], [34], [35], [38], [44], [72]; Child Pornography: [32], [36], [41], [43], [45], [57], [60]; Harassment: [46], [64]; Sexual violence: [54], [59]; Extortion: [5], [55], [56].…”