A critical analysis of production-associated DNA polymorphisms in the genes of cattle, goat, sheep, and pig

Abstract

Increasing productivity is one of the main objectives in animal production. Traditional breeding methods have led to increased gains in some traits but gains are not easily attainable in traits with low heritabilities. Exploiting the genetic variations underlying desired phenotypes is the goal of today's animal producers. Such positive genetic variants must, however, be known before possible application. Consequently, candidate genes of traits of interest have been searched for possible relationships with such traits or to explain reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) for such traits. DNA variants or polymorphisms have been identified in many such genes and their relationships with production traits determined. However, only a few genes have been evaluated, given the wealth of information on reported QTL for production traits, and in most cases genes are only partially investigated. This review presents available information on DNA variants for production traits and discusses steps that are required for effective utilization of this information for successful marker-assisted selection programs.

Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 gene (STAT3) associated with body measurement and carcass quality traits in beef cattle

“…Recently, however, studies have shown that intronic mutations may affect splice sites and consequently mRNA stability, and may lead to truncated or a lack of protein products (Ibeagha-Awemu et al, 2008). Importantly, further studies are needed to determine how the mutations affect phenotypic variation of these traits.…”

Loci asociados con enfermedades genéticas y calidad de carne en bovinos Charolais mexicanos

“…Actualmente, las pruebas de ADN son herramientas disponibles para los criadores de ganado y todos aquellos interesados en llevar a cabo el monitoreo de la calidad y salud genética de los animales del hato (1,2) . En bovinos, se han descrito pruebas de ADN para identificar portadores de al menos 40 desórdenes genéticos (1,3) .…”

“…En bovinos, se han descrito pruebas de ADN para identificar portadores de al menos 40 desórdenes genéticos (1,3) .…”

“…For cattle producers and all those interested in monitoring animal quality and genetic health, DNA testing is a widely available and important tool (1,2) . To date, DNA tests have been done identifying carriers of at least 40 genetic disorders in cattle (1,3) .…”

Determining the frequencies of B1, B2, B3 and E alleles of the <i>CSN1S1</i> gene and their effects on milk yield and composition in Saanen goats

“…It is known that 18 alleles of CSN1S1 gene have been identified so far, which are associated with different expression levels of αS1-CN in milk (Küpper et al, 2010). These alleles can be grouped in four classes: strong alleles (A, B1, B2, B3, B4, B', C, H, L and M) are associated with 3.5 g/L; intermediate alleles (E and I) are associated with 1.1 g/L; weak alleles (F and G) are associated with 0.45 g/L of αS1-CN content; and null alleles (01, 02 and N) are associated with the absence of αS1-CN in milk (Grosclaude et al, 1997;Ramunno et al, 2000;Ibeagha-Awemu et al, 2008;Mastrangelo et al, 2013). As a result, the characterization of the CSN1S1 gene is important owing to its relationship with cheese production and milkprocessing properties (Kumar et al, 2007).…”