A critical assessment of tar generated during biomass gasification - Formation, evaluation, issues and mitigation strategies

Sarma, Rakesh Narayana; Dasappa, S.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.017

Cited by 97 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…High temperature favors destruction and reforming of tar, leading to a decrease in tar content [48]. Tar yields obtained by steam gasification of BSG in this work are not dissimilar from those obtained from other biomasses [49]. Nevertheless, it would require cleaning before it can be used on downstream equipment since it is beyond the general acceptable limits [49].…”

Section: Effect Of the Process Parameters On Tar Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Tar yields obtained by steam gasification of BSG in this work are not dissimilar from those obtained from other biomasses [49]. Nevertheless, it would require cleaning before it can be used on downstream equipment since it is beyond the general acceptable limits [49]. Figure 10 describes the effect of gasification temperature as well as S/B ratio on CCE and CGE.…”

Section: Effect Of the Process Parameters On Tar Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Experimental Analysis of Brewers’ Spent Grains Steam Gasification in an Allothermal Batch Reactor

et al. 2019

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In this work, brewers’ spent grains (BSG) were evaluated and studied in order to obtain a combustible gas by means of allothermal steam gasification. BSG were preprocessed in a rotary dryer and a pelletizer prior to gasification in an indirectly heated batch reactor. BSG characterization was conducted by means of proximate, ultimate, and thermogravimetric analysis, allowing us to conclude that BSG have characteristics comparable to those of regular lignocellulosic biomasses. Gasification tests were performed in an allothermal bench-scale batch reactor in order to determine the effect of temperature and steam-to-biomass ratio (S/B) in the produced gas. The produced gas was mainly composed of 22.8–30.2% H2, 15.1–22.3% CO, and 7.2–11.1% CH4, contributing to a heating value of 8.11–9.0 MJ/Nm3 with the higher values found for a low S/B ratio and for high temperatures. The performance of the process was assessed by evaluating the cold gas and carbon conversion efficiencies. These indicators were found to be in the ranges 47.0%–52.1% and 57.0%–62.7%, respectively. The main conclusion of this work is that the produced gas obtained from BSG steam gasification has sufficient quality to open other options to beer producers to use their own brewing wastes to satisfy their energy needs, allowing them to progress toward the circular economy concept.

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Section: Effect Of the Process Parameters On Tar Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Effect Of the Process Parameters On Tar Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Experimental Analysis of Brewers’ Spent Grains Steam Gasification in an Allothermal Batch Reactor

et al. 2019

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“…In the literature, the term tar can refer to a various compounds due to a problem with precise definition. Rakesh and Dasappa (2018) describe tar as mixture of heterocyclic, aromatic, and GC-undetectable compounds. Valderrama Rios et al (2018) cite definitions according to which term tar may refer to "a mixture of condensable hydrocarbons, including aromatic compounds with up to five rings (which can be oxygenated) as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)" or "all hydrocarbons with molecular weight higher than benzene."…”

Section: Tar Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gasification is defined as the multi-stage conversion of carbonaceous feedstock into gaseous fuels or/and chemical products under atmospheric or higher pressures with an oxygen deficiency (Basu 2013). Experiments involving the gasification of various fuels (Bhutto et al 2013;Ramos et al 2018;Taupe et al 2016;Widjaya et al 2018) are aimed at the generation of producer gas with the highest possible hydrogen content (Ning et al 2018; Rodriguez Correa and Kruse 2018), issues of tar generation and reduction (Rakesh and Dasappa 2018;Valderrama Rios et al 2018), or the potential for utilizing various types of solid waste (Lopez et al 2018;Oboirien and North 2017;Watson et al 2018). In addition, more and more attention is being focused on gasification processes using catalysts (Chiang et al 2016;Yu et al 2018) and two-stage gasification (Niu et al 2019;Pei et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of biochar and ash outflow during updraft partial gasification on process parameters in a moving bed reactor

2020

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The present paper concerns the partial updraft gasification of wheat-rye straw pellets, using air as a gasification agent. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of biochar and ash outflow during the updraft gasification process on the parameters of the latter. For this purpose, a series of five experiments with different parameters of biochar and ash outflow and a reference experiment were carried out with a constant amount of supplied air. The results of the research show that higher volumetric outflows of biochar and ash increase the calorific value (from 6.7 to 7.4 MJ/Nm 3) and production (from 34.8 to 40.3 Nm 3 /h) of the producer gas, as well as the rate of fuel feed rate (from 30 to 43 kg/h). Reductions in the yield of gas (from 1.16 to 0.94 Nm 3 /kg fuel), equivalence ratio (from 0.125 to 0.087), and cold gas efficiency (from 44.7 to 40.2%) were observed. The content of gravimetric tar in producer gas was typical of updraft gasification and fluctuated within a range of 65-125 g/Nm 3 .

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“…Among thermochemical processes, gasification is considered as one of the most promising and efficient technologies for the biomass conversion into energy and chemical products . However, there are several issues that constrain its implementation on an industrial scale, and formation of tar is one of the main obstacles to biomass gasification and recovery of the resulting gas commodities . Therefore, the development of reliable ways to eliminate tar from the producer gas is a key research topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic fayalite Fe₂SiO₄ by kinetically controlled reaction between hematite and silicon carbide

et al. 2019

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The present work explores the preparation of fayalite α‐Fe2SiO4, the iron‐rich end‐member of the olivine solid‐solution series, as a tar removal catalyst for biomass gasification. The synthetic procedure was developed starting from the stoichiometric mixture of hematite and micrometer size silicon carbide and employing thermal treatments in controlled atmospheres at 1000‐1100°C supported by thermodynamic modeling to assess the required redox conditions. The treatments in dry and humidified inert gas yielded phase mixtures containing metallic Fe as one of the main phases, thus emphasizing a shortage of oxygen supply. XRD and TGA studies of precursor mixtures on heating in dry CO2 demonstrated a multistep mechanism of the overall reaction including (a) fast reactivity between silicon carbide and hematite at ~920°C with formation of metallic Fe and amorphous silica followed by (b) formation of fayalite involving oxygen supplied in the form of CO2 and competing with (c) over‐oxidation to thermodynamically favorable Fe3O4+SiO2 mixture. Comparative studies of reactivity in powdered and pelletized samples emphasized the importance of the kinetic factor in the formation of Fe2SiO4 while preventing further oxidation. The preferential formation of fayalite in the CO2 atmosphere is shown to be favored by shorter treatments of compacted samples at higher temperatures. The procedure was designed (2‐step heating to 1100°C in CO2 followed by fast cooling) for the preparation of pelletized fayalite α‐Fe2SiO4 catalyst with only minor traces of surface over‐oxidation which can be suppressed by adding 10 vol.% of forming gas to CO2 flow.

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A critical assessment of tar generated during biomass gasification - Formation, evaluation, issues and mitigation strategies

Cited by 97 publications

References 168 publications

Experimental Analysis of Brewers’ Spent Grains Steam Gasification in an Allothermal Batch Reactor

Experimental Analysis of Brewers’ Spent Grains Steam Gasification in an Allothermal Batch Reactor

Effects of biochar and ash outflow during updraft partial gasification on process parameters in a moving bed reactor

Synthetic fayalite Fe₂SiO₄ by kinetically controlled reaction between hematite and silicon carbide

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A critical assessment of tar generated during biomass gasification - Formation, evaluation, issues and mitigation strategies

Cited by 97 publications

References 168 publications

Experimental Analysis of Brewers’ Spent Grains Steam Gasification in an Allothermal Batch Reactor

Experimental Analysis of Brewers’ Spent Grains Steam Gasification in an Allothermal Batch Reactor

Effects of biochar and ash outflow during updraft partial gasification on process parameters in a moving bed reactor

Synthetic fayalite Fe2SiO4 by kinetically controlled reaction between hematite and silicon carbide

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Synthetic fayalite Fe₂SiO₄ by kinetically controlled reaction between hematite and silicon carbide