A critical evaluation of the three-stage BCR sequential extraction procedure to assess the potential mobility and toxicity of heavy metals in industrially-contaminated land

Davidson, Christine M.; Duncan, Ailsa L.; Littlejohn, David; Ure, A.M.; Garden, Louise M.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00057-9

Cited by 324 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Sequential chemical fractionation is an important method for determining the actual metal activity in the environment (Fernández et al, 2000). The sequential extraction procedure (SEP) reported by Tessier et al (1979) and the BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure drew up by the European Community's Bureau of References (Ure et al, 1993) are the most representative procedures and have been widely applied for operationally defined phases or fractions of metals associated with environmental solids including soils, sediments, suspended particulate materials, as well as urban street dusts (Banerjee, 2003;Davidson et al, 1998;Usero et al, 1998). Fernández et al (2002) developed a four-step SEP for fractionating PM-bound metals and for quantifying labile metal fractions that are potentially available to the respiratory tract of the human body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical speciation of fine particle bound trace metals

Feng

Dang

Huang

et al. 2009

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

124

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ABSTRACT:This study reported quantifications of fine particle bound trace metals and their potential health risks for residents in Guangzhou, a rapidly developing and most populated city in South China. The fine particle samples were collected from October 29 th. to November 8 th. of 2006 at two different elevations in a mainly residential area and analyzed for the total concentration of aluminum, iron, zinc, lead, manganese, copper, arsenic, chromium, nickel, cadmium, molybdenum and cobalt. Results showed that the fine particle concentrations ranged from 95.8 µg/m 3 to 194.7 µg/m 3 at the ground and 83.3-190.0 µg/m 3 on the roof, which were much higher than the 24 h fine particle standard (35 µg/m 3 ) recommended by USEPA. The total concentrations of zinc, lead, arsenic, chromium and cadmium in fine particle were 504.8, 201.6, 24.3, 7.7 and 4.4 ng/m 3 , respectively, which were comparable to other major cities of China, but much higher than major cities outside of China. A sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate these fine particle bound metals into four different fractions. Results indicated that most toxic metals were mainly distributed in bioavailable fractions. For instance, about 91 % of cadmium, 85 % of lead and 74 % of arsenic were in bioavailable forms. Risk calculations with a simple exposure assessment model showed that the cancer risks of the bioavailable fractions of arsenic, chromium and cadmium were 3 to 33 times greater than usual goal, indicating serious health risks to the residents in this urban area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical speciation of fine particle bound trace metals

Feng

Dang

Huang

et al. 2009

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

124

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“…Similar findings are also reported by Tokalioglu et al (2003) from their study on chemical partitioning of metals in highway soils in Turkey and ascribe this difference to the heterogenic soil compositions, and the low levels of some metals (which may cause high relative errors). Davidson et al (1998) also argued that, because of the extreme recovery of metals during fractionation, the sum total may far exceed the pseudo-total composition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical partitioning of Cu, Pb and Zn in the soil profile of a semi arid dry woodland

Prusty

Chandra

Azeez

2009

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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The chemical partitioning of Cu, Pb and Zn was examined in the soil profile of the woodland system in Keoladeo National Park, India using a five-step sequential extraction procedure (SEP). Metal partitioning was assessed in the soil up to a depth of 100 cm with 25-cm intervals. The amount of metals obtained from the SEP exceeded pseudototal metal levels obtained from aqua regia digestion. The SEP results showed high preferential attachment of metals with Fe2 2Mn hydroxides. All the three metals showed least preferences to the exchangeable pool. The attachment of metals to the OM-S phase was also less, may be because of the low organic matter in the soil. In the case of Cu, the order of the fractions in terms of metal concentrations was Fe2 2Mn4RES4OM-S4CA4EXC and in the case of Pb the order was Fe2 2Mn4OM-S4RES4CA4EXC. Zn was different from Cu and Pb in showing higher affinity towards RES phase and the order of its concentration was RES4Fe2 2Mn4OM-S4EXC4CA. This suggests hydrous oxides of Fe2 2Mn as an important binding site for Cu and Pb, whereas silicate mineral matrix (RES phase) for Zn.

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“…The content of Cr in fraction I is very low, only 0.7% of its total content, which reduced its potential toxicity as a pollutant in Lake Skadar. DAVIDSON et al (1998) found the highest content of Cr in the residual fraction. Additionally, FERNANDEZ et al, (11) recorded the highest concentration of Cr in the fourth fraction with a lower content of oxidized material and found that it was significantly lower in the reducible fraction of the sediment.…”

Section: Chromium Distribution In Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 89%

The distribution and accumulation of chromium in the water, sediment and macrophytes of Skadar lake

Kastratović¹,

Jaćimović²,

Bigović³

et al. 2016

Kragujevac J Sci

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ABSTRACT. The aquatic macrophytes Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Ceratophyllum demersum L., and Lemna minor L. were used as bioindicator plant species in order to define contamination level by Cr in Skadar lake (Montenegro). Plants, water and sediments were tested for the content of Cr at six locations around Lake Skadar during four periods in 2011. The content of Cr in the examined sediment was in the range of 35.6-127 mg/kg dry weight. The largest proportion of detected Cr (50.6%) was associated with the oxidizable phase in the form of organic complexes. The concentration of Cr in the studied macrophytes declined in the following order: C. demersum > P. australis > L. minor. The highest average content of Cr was detected in the leaf of C. demersum (11.4 mg/kg) in April.

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A critical evaluation of the three-stage BCR sequential extraction procedure to assess the potential mobility and toxicity of heavy metals in industrially-contaminated land

Cited by 324 publications

References 19 publications

Chemical speciation of fine particle bound trace metals

Chemical speciation of fine particle bound trace metals

Chemical partitioning of Cu, Pb and Zn in the soil profile of a semi arid dry woodland

The distribution and accumulation of chromium in the water, sediment and macrophytes of Skadar lake

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