A Critical Infrastructure Perspective and Systems Perspective on Hybrid Threats in the Black Sea Region

Abstract

"The Black Sea region features high complexity and other factors, such as the lack of a regional security architecture, which, in the current security context, result in a high effectiveness for hybrid warfare approaches. This has been proven by the track record of hybrid and unconventional warfare operations in the region, targeting also civilian infrastructure. The article proposes a Critical Infrastructure perspective on Black Sea insecurity, highlighting the potentiality for hybrid warfare but also measures which can increase resilience to hybrid threats on the basis of the Critical Infrastructure Protection framework. Lastly, the article highlights contributions which Romania can make on the basis of its experience and success in implementing CIP."

A Complex System Governance Theory and Conceptual Links to Cyber Diplomacy

“…As a field, it lies at the intersection between system governance, management cybernetics and systems theory . CSG provides, as a framework, "a holistic perspective on the design and operation of a complex system facing a complex system which, in practice, is also beset by ambiguities, uncertainties and political and jurisdictional limits" (Vevera et al, 2019), which can be considered especially relevant for cyber diplomacy. CSG is particularly useful for preventing of "system drift", a phenomenon impacting organically developing complex systems which become affected by various pathologies because of the lack of purposeful design or review.…”