A critical review of cooling techniques in proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks

Zhang, Guangsheng; Kandlikar, Satish G.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.11.010

Cited by 390 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Jong-Woo and Song-Yul [8] investigated about the coolant control in PEM fuel cell systems. Zhang and Kandlikar [9] performed critical reviews of cooling techniques in PEM fuel cell stacks. Mohamed and Atan [10] analyzed about the excessive heating on thermal and electrical resistance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling for Thermal Investigations of Fuel Cell by Using TiO2, ZnO and SiO2 Water Based Nanofluids

Kund¹

2017

IJRASET

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling for Thermal Investigations of Fuel Cell by Using TiO2, ZnO and SiO2 Water Based Nanofluids

Kund¹

2017

IJRASET

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“…On the other hand, low temperature increases the condensation of water at the cathode causing voltage losses and limiting the load current [5]. A review of different cooling techniques for PEMFC and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are introduced in [6]. The analysis of the relation between the temperature of the heat exchanger inlet coolant fluid and acceptable temperature difference across the fuel cell taking into consideration the heat exchanger effectiveness value is introduced in [7].…”

Section: List Of Symbols Symbol Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing and economic analysis of stand-alone PEM fuel cell systems for residential utilization

Imam

Azmy

2015

IRASE

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Abstract-This study discusses the economic utilization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based on cost of energy (COE) to supply residential electrical and thermal loads. The fuel cell system is sized using simplified mathematical expressions considering the stack degradation and the system salvage value at the end of its life time. The study is based on a 5 kWh/day residential loads with a peak load power of 1300W. Two scenarios for economic survey are studied. The first scenario is to find the commercial price for each FC component considering that the supply fuel is hydrogen. The other scenario is for a complete FC system commercial price considering that the supply fuel is natural gas. The economic analyses are based on the actual sale prices in the market. The COE of the fuel cell system is compared with previous work by the authors for the same residential ratings but supplied from a stand-alone photo voltaic system (SAPV). The analysis results show that the COE relies heavily on the capital cost of the system. Index Terms-

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“…The favorable working temperature of PEMFCs is usually between 60 • C and 80 • C. A high temperature can significantly exacerbate the degradation of the membrane and the catalyst, and reduce the stack performance, while a lower temperature is not favorable for the reaction kinetics and may also cause flooding due to lower water saturation pressures at low temperatures [10].…”

Section: Cooling Subsystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of an Ultrahigh-Speed Centrifugal Compressor for the Air Management of Fuel Cell Systems

Zhao

Blunier

Gao

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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Fuel cell is a power supply system, which takes advantage of the electro-chemical reaction between oxygen and hydrogen to produce electricity with water as its byproduct. Due to their lower pollution and high efficiency compared with fossil fuels, fuel cell systems are under extensive development for many power applications. Compared with high temperature fuel cells (such as molten carbonate fuel cells or solid oxide fuel cells), the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is more suitable for automotive applications because of its low temperature working condition, thereby a fast startup.Air compressor supplying the oxygen to the stack is an important component in the fuel cell systems. The compressor can consumes up to 20 % of the generated power in the most severe cases. The selecting of the compressor and corresponding control are directly related to the performance of the fuel cell. The size and weight of the air compressor has to be reduced to make them more feasible for automotive applications. Moreover, the control of the air compression system is also an important issue, which affects the efficiency and the safety of the fuel cell. To avoid oxygen starvation of the stack, the mass flow of the supplied air has to be controlled appropriately according to the load demand. Meanwhile, the pressure should not have large deviations or ripples which may damage the stack membrane.In this thesis, the requirements to the compressor for fuel cell applications are discussed. And several kinds of compressor are compared, including positive displacement types and dynamic superchargers. In the view of compactness, an ultra-high speed, up to 280,000 rpm, centrifugal compressor is adopted. The centrifugal compressor which is a kind of dynamics superchargers converts the kinetic energy of the air to the pressure. Compared with positive displacement compressors, it has the advantages of compactness, high efficiency and low noise, making it more suitable for automotive applications. However, the difficulty of the control as well as the surge iv constraint obstructs its industrial implementation for fuel cells.In this dissertation, The model of the air compression system is developed and the coupling between the model inputs and outputs are analyzed. The compressor map is measured and then fitted by a two hidden layer neural network model. The relative gain array (RGA) method is used for the coupling analysis. It shows that the coupling degree varies as the operation point changes because of the nonlinearity of the system. The second part of this work focuses on solving the control problems to adapt the centrifugal compressor to the fuel cell system. The objective is to control the mass flow and pressure simultaneously according to the fuel cell load demand. The problem lies in the coupling between the mass flow control and pressure control because the variations of one variable will also lead to the deviation of the other one. The interaction between the two control loops declines the performance of the fuel cell...

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A critical review of cooling techniques in proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks

Cited by 390 publications

References 110 publications

Numerical Modeling for Thermal Investigations of Fuel Cell by Using TiO2, ZnO and SiO2 Water Based Nanofluids

Numerical Modeling for Thermal Investigations of Fuel Cell by Using TiO2, ZnO and SiO2 Water Based Nanofluids

Sizing and economic analysis of stand-alone PEM fuel cell systems for residential utilization

Control of an Ultrahigh-Speed Centrifugal Compressor for the Air Management of Fuel Cell Systems

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