A critical review of geopolymer properties for structural fire-resistance applications

Lahoti, Mukund; Tan, Kang Hai; Yang, En-Hua

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.076

Cited by 294 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Finally, Figure 10 illustrates the compressive strength of B50S50 specimens fired at 800 • C or immersed in distilled water, 1 M HCl and 1 M H 2 SO 4 for 30 days and the requirements for load-bearing bricks according to different classification categories (BS 3921:1965). No higher temperature was considered, since after 800 • C, concrete loses its structural integrity [52]. The 7-day compressive strength of B50S50 specimens obtained after curing at 90 • C is also provided, for comparison.…”

Section: Durability Performance Of Selected Ipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Inorganic Polymers Produced from Brick Waste and Metallurgical Slag

et al. 2019

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This paper explores the alkali activation potential of brick wastes and metallurgical slags. Inorganic polymers (IPs) were produced using an alkaline medium consisting of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions and the optimum synthesis conditions were determined. In this context, the variable parameters, such as solid to liquid (S/L) ratio, curing temperature (60, 80 and 90 °C) and ageing time (7 and 28 days) on the compressive strength and the morphology of the produced IPs were investigated. Specimens produced under the optimum synthesis conditions were subjected to high temperature firing and immersed in distilled water and acidic solutions for various periods of time, in order to assess their durability and structural integrity. The results showed that the IPs produced using a mix ratio of 50 wt % metallurgical slag and 50 wt % brick wastes, cured at 90 °C and aged for 7 days obtained the highest compressive strength (48.9 MPa). X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), particle size analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mineralogical analysis (XRD), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis also confirmed the optimum microstructural characteristics and the chemical reactions that took place during synthesis. The overall results of this study indicate that the co-valorization of different waste streams, which are produced in large quantities and cause environmental problems if not properly managed, is a viable alternative for the production of binders or secondary construction materials with higher added value.

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Section: Durability Performance Of Selected Ipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Inorganic Polymers Produced from Brick Waste and Metallurgical Slag

et al. 2019

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“…The further part of the literature review focuses on the factors influencing the behavior of the geopolymer under thermal load. A comprehensive model of evaluation of the influence of high temperature on the geopolymer binder assumes carrying out the analysis at three levels: micro scale (chemical stability), meso scale (deformation resistance), and macro scale (strength endurance, spalling resistance) [ 27 ]. The article focuses on the changes occurring on the micro scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gradual process of water migration affects the structure and distribution of pores. All the changes occurring at the microstructure level influence the behavior of the material on the macro scale and determine the mechanical properties of the binder [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Changes in the Microstructure of Geopolymer Mortar after Exposure to High Temperatures

Dudek

Sitarz

2020

Materials

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The inorganic structure formed at the stage of setting of the geopolymer binder ensures high durability of the material under high-temperature conditions. However, changes in the microstructure of the material are observed. The purpose of the study was to analyze changes in the structure of geopolymer mortar after exposure to high temperatures T = 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 °C. Mortars with a binder based solely on fly ash (FA) and mixed in the 1:1 ratio with a binder containing fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) were tested. The descriptions of their microstructures were prepared based on digital microscope observations, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) analysis, and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) porosity test results. Changes in the material due to high temperature were observed. The differences in the microstructure of the samples are also visible in the materials that were not exposed to temperature, which was influenced by the composition of the materials. Porosity increases with increasing annealing temperature. The distribution of individual pores also changes. In both materials, the proportion of pores larger than 1000 nm increases with the temperature increase. Moreover, the number of cracks and their width also increases, reaching 20 µm in the case of GGBFS. Furthermore, the color of geopolymers has changed. The obtained results extend the current state of knowledge in the field of changes in the microstructure of geopolymers subjected to high temperature.

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“…The curing and hardening processes are achieved at ambient temperature or slightly higher. The hardening reactions occurs between aluminosilicate precursors and highly concentrated aqueous solutions of alkaline hydroxides and silicates [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laterite and lateritic soil constitute 33% of available mineral resources in tropical and subtropical zones of Africa, Australia, India, South-East Asia and South America. They are often found just below the surface of grasslands or forests [9,11,28]. In Cameroon, laterite and lateritic soil cover nearly 67% of the country surface [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Heat-Treated Laterite on the Strengthening of Geopolymer Designed with Laterite as Solid Precursor

Poudeu¹,

Ekani²,

Djangang³

et al. 2019

ACSM

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This paper aims to develop a low-cost, green construction material for low-income house builders. A series of geopolymer samples were prepared by partially substituting the Cameroonian lateritic soil (LS) with different quantities of heat-treated laterite (20~50 wt. %). The chemical composition of the LS was determined through inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). The specimens were subjected to thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TGA/DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, the compressive strength of dry and wet specimens was measured with a hydroelectric device. The results show that the geo-polymerization and properties like setting time and mechanical strength of the samples were improved through the combined action of the raw LS and the laterite treated at 500-600°C; the crystallized particles from non-clayed minerals and from aggregates of kaolinite also contribute to strength of the samples; crystalline phases formed a tridimensional skeleton in the microstructure of the geopolymer. The research provides a promising composite that can serve as a low-cost construction material with reduced environmental impact.

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A critical review of geopolymer properties for structural fire-resistance applications

Cited by 294 publications

References 99 publications

Properties of Inorganic Polymers Produced from Brick Waste and Metallurgical Slag

Properties of Inorganic Polymers Produced from Brick Waste and Metallurgical Slag

Analysis of Changes in the Microstructure of Geopolymer Mortar after Exposure to High Temperatures

Role of Heat-Treated Laterite on the Strengthening of Geopolymer Designed with Laterite as Solid Precursor

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