A critical review of synthesis parameters affecting the properties of zinc oxide nanoparticle and its application in wastewater treatment

Shaba, E. Y.; Jacob, John; Tijani, Jimoh Oladejo; Suleiman, Mohammed

doi:10.1007/s13201-021-01370-z

Cited by 229 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…While the pH value of the synthesis media significantly affects the properties, size, and morphology of the synthesized ZnO-NP [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], low pH values are also not suitable for in situ synthesis on cellulosic fabric as it is sensitive to the acidic medium. Moreover, the synthesis of ZnO in an acidic medium (pH ˂ 7) hinders the growth and formation of ZnO due to the low amount of hydroxyl ions (OH − ) that contribute to the formation of the intermediate molecule zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH) 2 ), which facilitates the formation of ZnO [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The majority of green syntheses of ZnO are still performed in the presence of NaOH or KOH, since alkaline pH is required for successful reduction from zinc salt [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Using Pomegranate Peel Extract

et al. 2021

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This work presents the novel and entirely green in situ synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) on cotton fabric. Pomegranate peel extract was used as a reducing agent and wood ash extract was used as an alkali source for the formation of ZnO-NP from zinc acetate. Four different synthesis methods, which varied in drying between immersion of fabric in the active solutions for synthesis and the use of padding and ultrasonication, were investigated to evaluate the most suitable one to achieve excellent ultraviolet (UV) protective properties of the functionalized textile. For comparison, the cotton fabrics were also functionalized with each active solution separately or in a combination of two (i.e., Zn-acetate and plant extract). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirm the successful formation of ZnO-NP on cotton. Among the synthesis methods, the method that included continuous drying of the samples between immersion in the active solutions for synthesis (Method 4) was found to be the most suitable to deliver uniformly impregnated cotton fibers with numerous small ZnO wurtzite structured crystals and excellent UV protection, with a UV protection factor of 154.0. This research presents an example of a green circular economy where a bio-waste material can be used to produce ZnO-NP directly on cotton at low temperatures and short treatment times without the addition of chemicals and enables the production of cellulosic fabrics with excellent UV protection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Using Pomegranate Peel Extract

et al. 2021

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“…These properties enable ZnO to be used for development of superhydrophobic, antibacterial, antistatic, UV-protective and self-cleaning products, UV light sources, gas sensors, transparent electrodes in solar cells, spintronics devices and biosensors [5][6][7][8][9]. Numerous methods have been invented for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, including wet-chemical methods, combustion of Zn-containing precursors, laser ablation, hydrothermal and electrochemical methods, and chemical vapour deposition [3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Depending on the synthesis parameters, a variety of morphological shapes have been reported [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Plasma-Assisted Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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An overview of recent work on the low-temperature plasma-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles is presented and interpreted in terms of gas-phase and surface reactions with illustrated examples. The thermodynamical nonequilibrium conditions allow the formation of chemically reactive species with a potential energy of several eV, which readily interact with the Zn precursors and initiate reactions leading to the formation of nanoparticles or nanowires. The high-quality nanowires were synthesized from Zn powders only upon interaction with moderately ionized plasma in a narrow range of plasma parameters. This technique is promising for the synthesis of large quantities of nanowires with aspect ratios well above 10, but the exact range of parameters remains to be determined. Apart from the ex situ techniques, the ZnO nanoparticles can be synthesized by depositing a film of precursors (often Zn salts or Zn-containing organometallic compounds) and exposing them to oxygen plasma. This technique is useful for the synthesis of well-adherent ZnO nanoparticles on heat-sensitive objects but requires further scientific validation as it often leads to the formation of a semicontinuous ZnO film rather than nanoparticles. Both low-pressure and atmospheric plasmas are useful in converting the precursor film into ZnO nanoparticles despite completely different mechanisms.

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“…Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an important material for applications in catalytic luminescent and electronic (e.g., varistors, semiconductors, and gas sensors) devices, pigments, rubber, ceramics, chemical and components for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries [1][2][3][4]. Additionally, ZnO nanostructures were used as nanoadsorbent to remove heavy metals that the removal efficiency depends on the shapes of ZnO nanoparticles [5,6]. Different morphologies of ZnO including nanospheres, nanorods, nanoflowers, nanotubes, nanoplates and nanotripods have been reported [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of these phases in the final product indicates that the conversion of reactants into the desired ZnO product is not complete. However, it is established that different zinc salts have little or no effects on the crystallite size of ZnO nanoparticles [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical process of synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) with nanorod and spherical morphologies

Darezereshki

Vakylabad

Yousefi

2021

IJE

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ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by direct thermal decomposition of the precursor [contain: Zn4(SO4)(OH)6.H2O and ZnO] in air for 1 h at 875°C. The pH of the precursor solution was set at 6 and 11 by the controlled addition of the NH3•H2O solution. The as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectrum (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the analyses, the ZnO nanoparticles were pure with both rod-like and spherical shapes which were synthesized using chloride and sulfate solutions, respectively. Moreover, the average diameter of synthesized spherical ZnO at pH=6 was around 85±5 nm; while, an average diameter of the nanorods was 980 nm and 2.2 μm in length. The average nanorods diameter at pH=11 was 760 nm and 3.3 μm in length; while the average particle size of spherical shape was around 112±5 nm. The TEM and SEM image showed the morphology of spherical and nanorods particles. The reaction temperature of all steps during the synthesis of ZnO nanopowders shifted to high temperature, as the pH of the starting solution increased from 6 to 11. Due to the simplicity, the present method could be proposed as a convenient approach to produce pure ZnO nanoparticles by means of ZnSO4 and ZnCl2 solutions without using any toxic and organic chemicals.

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A critical review of synthesis parameters affecting the properties of zinc oxide nanoparticle and its application in wastewater treatment

Cited by 229 publications

References 146 publications

Novel Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Using Pomegranate Peel Extract

Novel Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Using Pomegranate Peel Extract

Recent Advances in the Plasma-Assisted Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Chemical process of synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) with nanorod and spherical morphologies

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