A critical review on preparation, characterization and utilization of sludge-derived activated carbons for wastewater treatment

Hadi, Pejman; Meng, Xu; Ning, Chao; Lin, Carol Sze Ki; McKay, Gordon

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2014.08.088

Cited by 383 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…In general, lower surface area and pore volume are obtained with higher precarbonization temperature whereas high KOH/Carbon ratio and activation temperature result in high porosity [38]. Despite the fact that both physical and chemical activation can produce carbons with a porous network, chemical activation has the advantage over physical activation because it produces nanostructured porous carbons at lower temperature, shorter time, with a higher surface area and a more uniform pore size distribution [12,13,29,33,37,38,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Nanostructured Porous Carbons From Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass-derived nanostructured porous carbons for lithium-sulfur batteries

et al. 2016

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Biomass has been utilized as an energy source for thousands of years typically in the form of wood and charcoal. Technological advances create new methodologies to extract energy and chemicals from biomass. The biomass-derived nanostructured porous carbons (BDNPCs) are the most promising sulfur hosts and interlayers in rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. In this article, a comprehensive review is provided in the synthesis of nanostructured porous carbon materials for high-performance rechargeable Li-S batteries by using biomass. The performances of the Li-S batteries dependent on the porous structures (micro, meso and hierarchical) from BDNPCs are discussed, which can provide an in-depth understanding and guide rational design of high-performance cathode materials by using low-cost, sustainable and natural bio-precursors. Furthermore, the current existing challenges and the future research directions for enhancing the performance of Li-S batteries by using natural biomass materials are also addressed.

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Section: Synthesis Of Nanostructured Porous Carbons From Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass-derived nanostructured porous carbons for lithium-sulfur batteries

et al. 2016

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“…Further, the electrochemical behavior of carbon electrodes is associated both with surface roughness and the presence of oxygenated surface functional groups [4], [6], [16], [17]. The surface morphology of ACs depends on both the activation process and the nature of the precursor [1], [18] [19] [20] [21]. Considerable effort has been extended to find suitable precursor materials and activation processes for ACs possessing the essential characteristics needed for EDLC applications [1], [2], [5], [7], [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physical activation process involves carbonization of the material followed by gasification with activating agents such as CO 2 , steam or a combination of both [18] [19] [20] [21]. The chemical activation method involves impregnation of the precursor with a chemical agent such as H 3 PO 4 , ZnCl 2 , NaOH, KOH, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lignocellulosic-Based Activated Carbon Prepared by a Chemical Impregnation Method as Electrode Materials for Double Layer Capacitor

Borah¹,

Bharali²,

Morris³

2017

ACES

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Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from a lignocellulosic-based waste material by a chemical impregnation method using KOH, NaOH or CaCl 2 as the activating agent. These ACs were characterized by different techniques such as N 2 adsorption, FTIR, XRD and SEM. Electrostatic properties viz. pH and pH pzc of AC suspensions in aqueous media were measured. The concentration of surface oxygenated functional groups of the ACs was estimated following the Boehm titration method. Cyclic voltammetry was conducted in H 2 SO 4 after fabricating two-electrode capacitor cells of the ACs. The correlation of AC surface chemistry and morphology with electrochemical performance (capacitance) of powdered electrodes is analyzed and discussed.

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“…Actually, almost any carbonaceous material can be converted into activated carbon, and the preparation methods of ACs were predominately includes carbonization and activation [7][8][9]. Generally, the raw materials of ACs can be roughly divided into two categories of plants and minerals according to the sources [10][11][12]. Plant category includes wood, coconut shells, walnut shells, apricot, olive nuclear, and rice husk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Activated Carbons from Waste External Thermal-Insulating Phenolic Foam Boards

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared by steam physical activation or KOH chemical activation with the waste external thermal-insulating phenolic foam board as the raw material. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific area, pore-size distribution and iodine value were used to characterize the properties of ACs. AC-1(with the method of KOH chemical activation) has the iodine value of 2300mg/g, BET specific area of 1293 m 2 g -1 , average pore-size of 2.4 nm, and mainly composed of micropore and relatively small mesopore. AC-2(with the method of steam physical activation) has the iodine value of 1665mg/g. Compared with AC-2, AC-1 had a pore-size distribution with more evenly and relative concentrated, it's belonging to the high microporosity materials. Actually, chemical activation had more significant influence on destruction of the pore wall than physical activation.

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A critical review on preparation, characterization and utilization of sludge-derived activated carbons for wastewater treatment

Cited by 383 publications

References 102 publications

Biomass-derived nanostructured porous carbons for lithium-sulfur batteries

Biomass-derived nanostructured porous carbons for lithium-sulfur batteries

Lignocellulosic-Based Activated Carbon Prepared by a Chemical Impregnation Method as Electrode Materials for Double Layer Capacitor

Preparation of Activated Carbons from Waste External Thermal-Insulating Phenolic Foam Boards

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