A Critical Review on the Use of Ionic Liquids in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Alashkar, Adnan; Al‐Othman, Amani; Tawalbeh, Muhammad; Qasim, Muhammad

doi:10.3390/membranes12020178

Cited by 69 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are considered as one of the most promising sources of clean energy power alternative to internal combustion engines and can be used in a variety of applications including portable devices, transport, small stationary power plants, etc 1,2 . Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) is one of the key components of PEMFC determining their cost, compactness, and operational properties 1–3 . The main functions of PEM are separating gaseous reactants, supporting the catalyst, as well as conducting protons from the anode to the cathode 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their performance is strongly dependent on their hydration degree and becomes very poor over 80°C and at low humidity, since water molecules play the role of proton carriers in the proton conduction of such polymer electrolytes 2,6 . On the other hand, the operation of PEMFC at elevated temperatures (120–200°C) is preferred since it does not require humidification subsystems and also provides other significant advantages, such as enhancement of electrode reactions kinetic, easier heat management, higher tolerance toward carbon monoxide poisoning of platinum catalysts 1–3 . During the last decades, numerous approaches have been applied to develop new alternative PEMs which are less expensive than Nafion and possess sufficient proton conductivity above 100°C under non‐humidified conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of new proton conducting membrane for fuel cell applications based on porous polyimide Matrimid® and hydrophobic protic ionic liquid

Rogalsky

Tarasyuk

Babkina

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A new proton conducting membrane has been developed by impregnation of porous polyimide Matrimid® (PI) with hydrophobic protic ionic liquid triethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TEA‐TFSI). According to the results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), PI/TEA‐TFSI membrane has satisfactory viscoelastic properties in the temperature range 25–100°C. However, the sharp drop in storage modulus (E') occurs at higher temperatures that is probably caused by the plasticizing effect of ionic liquid. To improve the mechanical properties of PI matrix, it was impregnated with the solution of polyetheramine Jeffamine® D‐400 in the TEA‐TFSI. This approach allowed to obtain a partially cross‐linked PI which is more resistant to deformation at elevated temperatures. Thus, DMA study revealed a storage modulus around 400 MPa for PI/Jeffamine/TEA‐TFSI membrane up to 150°C, like neat porous Matrimid®. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicate high thermal stability of PI/Jeffamine/TEA‐TFSI composite with thermal degradation point of 343°C. The ionic conductivity of the composite membrane is 4·10−3 S/cm at room temperature and reaches the level of 10−2 S/cm above 100°C. Overall, the results of this study indicate that partially cross‐linked porous PI impregnated with hydrophobic protic ionic liquid is a promising polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells operating at elevated temperatures in water‐free conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of new proton conducting membrane for fuel cell applications based on porous polyimide Matrimid® and hydrophobic protic ionic liquid

Rogalsky

Tarasyuk

Babkina

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…PEMFCs have operate as an all-solid structure that makes them ideal for transport applications and also have a special polymer electrolyte membrane for conducting protons applications by enhancing electrolyte conductivity. The structure of the perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes consists of a fluorinated backbone with a fluorocarbon side chain and possesses characteristics such as excellent ionic conductivity even in anhydrous conditions [13][14][15][16][17][18]. The most common commercial ionomers used for producing PEMs are PFSA-based ionomers, such as Nafion (Dupont) [1,[19][20][21][22], Aquivion ® (Solvay) [23][24][25][26], Flemion ™ (AGC Chemicals) [27][28][29], and 3M™ Ionomers (3M Company) [1,[30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionomer Membranes Produced from Hexaarylbenzene-Based Partially Fluorinated Poly(arylene ether) Blends for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

et al. 2022

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In this study, a series of high molecular weight ionomers of hexaarylbenzene-- and fluorene-based poly(arylene ether)s were synthesized conveniently through condensation and post-sulfonation modification. The use a of blending method might increase the stacking density of chains and affect the formation both of interchain and intrachain proton transfer clusters. Multiscale phase separation caused by the dissolution and compatibility differences of blend ionomer in high-boiling-point solvents was examined through analysis and simulations. The blend membranes produced in this study exhibited a high proton conductivity of 206.4 mS cm−1 at 80 °C (increased from 182.6 mS cm−1 for precursor membranes), excellent thermal resistance (decomposition temperature >200 °C), and suitable mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 73.8–77.4 MPa. As a proton exchange membrane for fuel cell applications, it exhibits an excellent power efficiency of approximately 1.3 W cm−2. Thus, the ionomer membranes have strong potential for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells and other electrochemical applications.

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“…The presence of water molecules in the AEM influences the OH − ion transportation [ 51 ]. In both cases, the membrane choice is highly important for obtaining excellent fuel cell performances [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Commonly, the following requirements must be considered for efficient membrane candidates [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments on Bioinspired Cellulose Containing Polymer Nanocomposite Cation and Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells (PEMFC and AFC)

Thangarasu

2022

Polymers

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Hydrogen fuel cell (FC) technologies are being worked on as a possible replacement for fossil fuels because they produce a lot of energy and do not pollute the air. In FC, ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are the vital components for ion transport between two porous electrodes. However, the high production cost of commercialized membranes limits their benefits. Various research has focused on cellulose-based membranes such as IEM with high proton conductivity, and mechanical, chemical, and thermal stabilities to replace the high cost of synthetic polymer materials. In this review, we focus on and explain the recent progress (from 2018 to 2022) of cellulose-containing hybrid membranes as cation exchange membranes (CEM) and anion exchange membranes (AEM) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and alkaline fuel cells (AFC). In this account, we focused primarily on the effect of cellulose materials in various membranes on the functional properties of various polymer membranes. The development of hybrid membranes with cellulose for PEMFC and AFC has been classified based on the combination of other polymers and materials. For PEMFC, the sections are associated with cellulose with Nafion, polyaryletherketone, various polymeric materials, ionic liquid, inorganic fillers, and natural materials. Moreover, the cellulose-containing AEM for AFC has been summarized in detail. Furthermore, this review explains the significance of cellulose and cellulose derivative-modified membranes during fuel cell performance. Notably, this review shows the vital information needed to improve the ion exchange membrane in PEMFC and AFC technologies.

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A Critical Review on the Use of Ionic Liquids in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Cited by 69 publications

References 153 publications

Fabrication of new proton conducting membrane for fuel cell applications based on porous polyimide Matrimid® and hydrophobic protic ionic liquid

Fabrication of new proton conducting membrane for fuel cell applications based on porous polyimide Matrimid® and hydrophobic protic ionic liquid

Ionomer Membranes Produced from Hexaarylbenzene-Based Partially Fluorinated Poly(arylene ether) Blends for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Recent Developments on Bioinspired Cellulose Containing Polymer Nanocomposite Cation and Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells (PEMFC and AFC)

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