A critical review on wireless charging for electric vehicles

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) have recently been significantly developed in terms of both performance and 10 drive range. There already are various models commercially available, and the number of EVs on road 11 increases rapidly. Although most existing EVs are charged by electric cables, companies like Tesla, 12 BMW and Nissan have started to develop wireless charged EVs that don't require bulky cables. 13 Rather than physical cable connection, the wireless (inductive) link effectively avoids sparking over 14 plugging/unplugging. Furthermore, wireless charging opens new possibilities for dynamic chargingcharging while driving. Once realised, EVs will no longer be limited by their electric drive range and the requirement for battery capacity will be greatly reduced. This has been prioritised and promoted worldwide, particularly in UK, Germany and Korea. This paper presents a thorough literature review on the wireless charging technology for EVs. The key technical components of wireless charging are summarised and compared, such as compensation topologies, coil design and communication. To enhance the charging power, an innovative approach towards the use of superconducting material in coil designs is investigated and their potential impact on wireless charging is discussed. In addition, health and safety concerns about wireless charging are addressed, as well as their relevant standards. Economically, the costs of a wide range of wireless charging systems has also been summarised and compared.

Dependence of Dynamic Loss on Critical Current and n-Value of HTS Coated Conductors

“…The above conclusions agree well with (11). It is worth mentioning that, only beyond the threshold field B th can the dynamic loss and dynamic resistance be generated, as shown in (5). With the augment of I c0 , the critical current density will increase accordingly, which results in a higher B th .…”

“…It is generated inside the superconductor carrying direct current (DC) in an alternating magnetic field environment. HTS coated conductors (CCs) are becoming more and more favored because of their growing maturity and ameliorated cost performance with the technological progress, therefore they turn out to be an advantageous alternative to traditional conductors in power industry, such as rotating machines [5]- [10]. Dynamic loss and resistance are important parameters to evaluate the performance of HTS CCs in power equipment, which is tightly linked to the happening of the quench.…”

Technology Development of Electric Vehicles: A Review

“…In addition to the above research, the topics of WPT study also involve key components of a WPT system, including power converter, compensation topology, and coils, as well as important auxiliary features, such as foreign object detection and communication, high temperature superconductors (HTS) as an emerging coil material, standards of BEV WPT, impact of WPT on the power grid, and the cost of WPT. Furthermore, the latest research work focusses on the health and safety concerns of WPT systems [86].…”

Efficient Deployment Design of Wireless Charging Electric Tram System with Battery Management Policy

“…As the world gets more interested in finding a method that can reduce CO 2 , people's effort to develop the eco-friendly technology is getting bigger too. Between various eco-friendly resources, electric vehicles with wireless power transmission attract attention [10]. Therefore, there are researches to improve the power receiver technology [11], plans to set wireless charging infrastructure [12], or locate wireless charging lanes for vehicles that can maximize recharged electricity while maintaining small road congestion [13].…”