A critical study on optimal auxiliary frequency control of wind turbine generator and coordination with synchronous generator

Ming, Sun; Min, Yong; Chen, Lei; Hou, Kun; Xia, Dao-Cheng; Mao, Hangyin

doi:10.17775/cseejpes.2020.00860

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The frequency-domain error model between the transient ROFR model and the full-order model can be expressed in (14). The frequency-domain error model between the steadystate ROFR model and the full-order model can be expressed in (15).…”

Section: A Formulation Of P-rofr Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substituting s = jω into ( 9), (14), and ( 15), the ratios of the magnitude of δ S to that of δ T and that of δ I can be obtained, respectively, as:…”

Section: ) Steady-state Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to reduce the order of ASF model or improve the accuracy and applicability of SFR model, some improved frequency response models have been proposed. In [14], an improved SFR model under the joint action of SG and WF is established. However, the accuracy of the improved model is poor due to ignoring the influence of the change in the op-improved SFR model considering the change in operating point of WT is further proposed in [15], but it is not applicable for the power system with multiple heterogeneous devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimized Auxiliary Frequency Control of Wind Farm Based on Piecewise Reduced-order Frequency Response Model

Zhang,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

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With the increasing wind power penetration in the power system, the auxiliary frequency control (AFC) of wind farm (WF) has been widely used. The traditional system frequency response (SFR) model is not suitable for the wind power generation system due to its poor accuracy and applicability. In this paper, a piecewise reduced-order frequency response (P-ROFR) model is proposed, and an optimized auxiliary frequency control (O-AFC) scheme of WF based on the P-ROFR model is proposed. Firstly, a full-order frequency response model considering the change in operating point of wind turbine is established to improve the applicability. In order to simplify the fullorder model, a P-ROFR model with second-order structure and high accuracy at each frequency response stage is proposed. Based on the proposed P-ROFR model, the relationship between the frequency response indexes and the auxiliary frequency controller coefficients is expressed explicitly. Then, an O-AFC scheme with the derived explicit expression as the optimization objective is proposed in order to improve the frequency support capability on the premise of ensuring the full release of the rotor kinetic energy and the full use of the effect of time delay on frequency regulation. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed P-ROFR model and the performance of the proposed O-AFC scheme are verified by simulation studies.

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Section: A Formulation Of P-rofr Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substituting s = jω into ( 9), (14), and ( 15), the ratios of the magnitude of δ S to that of δ T and that of δ I can be obtained, respectively, as:…”

Section: ) Steady-state Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimized Auxiliary Frequency Control of Wind Farm Based on Piecewise Reduced-order Frequency Response Model

Zhang,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

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“…Reference [15] proposes an adaptive virtual capacitor to provide inertial support. Later, [16] develops an optimal auxiliary frequency controller containing only a droop controller for wind turbine governors (WTGs) operating at MPPT for improved SFR. As part of the work in [17], the kinetic energy from an SG and locally installed DFIG is shared to improve the transient and dynamic stability of the power system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Power System Stabilizer for DFIG-based Wind Energy Integrated Power Systems Under Combined Influence of PLL and Virtual Inertia Controller

Sahu,

Prasad Padhy

2024

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

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Wind energy systems (WESs) based on doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) have enormous potential for meeting the future demands related to clean energy. Due to the low inertia and intermittency of power injection, a WES is equipped with a virtual inertial controller (VIC) to support the system during a frequency deviation event. The frequency deviation measured by a phase locked loop (PLL) installed on a point of common coupling (PCC) bus is the input signal to the VIC. However, a VIC with an improper inertial gain could deteriorate the damping of the power system, which may lead to instability. To address this issue, a mathematical formulation for calculating the synchronizing and damping torque coefficients of a WES-integrated single-machine infinite bus (SMIB) system while considering PLL and VIC dynamics is proposed in this paper. In addition, a power system stabilizer (PSS) is designed for wind energy integrated power systems to enhance electromechanical oscillation damping. A small-signal stability assessment is performed using the infinite bus connected to a synchronous generator of higher-order dynamics integrated with a VICequipped WES. Finally, the performance and robustness of the proposed PSS is demonstrated through time-domain simulation in SMIB and nine-bus test systems integrated with WES under several case studies.

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“…Similarly, rotor speed control (Boyle et al, 2021) was suggested to provide the same frequency support. Besides, the active power-frequency droop feature was introduced into the outer loop control in many studies (Arani and MohamedYasser Abdel-Rady, 2015;Van de Vyver et al, 2016;Vennelaganti and Chaudhuri, 2018;Sun et al, 2021). The droop control solves the coupling problem between the power of the flexible DC system and the frequency of the AC power grid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Virtual Inertial-Based Power System Frequency Regulation Through Multi-Cluster Wind Turbines Using BWOA

Liu

Tian

et al. 2022

Front. Energy Res.

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Large-scale wind power connected to the grid efficiently reduces fossil fuel consumption, but extremely decreases grid inertial and increases frequency regulation pressure on the grid. Therefore, various wind farm-based frequency regulation technologies have been investigated in recent decades. Adaptive inertial droop control of wind turbines was considered as one of the most effective methods to enhance the inertia of the grid, because it can solve the decoupling problem between the power of wind farms and power system frequency. However, the present approaches mainly pay attention to the first frequency drop (FFD) or ignore the influence of control parameters. Hence, this paper proposes a black widow optimization algorithm (BWOA)-based step start-up adaptive inertial droop controller to smooth frequency fluctuation as well as alleviate FFD, the secondary frequency drop (SFD), and the third frequency drop (TFD). Besides, BWOA is employed to extract the best parameters of the designed controller under a 150-MW load increase. Then, the extracted parameters are used in three other load variation events to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results indicate that BWOA acquires satisfactory performances on various designed load variations. Compared with the trial-and-error method, FFD and TFD with BWOA under load increase are decreased by 10.9% and 12.8% at most, respectively.

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A critical study on optimal auxiliary frequency control of wind turbine generator and coordination with synchronous generator

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Optimized Auxiliary Frequency Control of Wind Farm Based on Piecewise Reduced-order Frequency Response Model

Optimized Auxiliary Frequency Control of Wind Farm Based on Piecewise Reduced-order Frequency Response Model

Design of Power System Stabilizer for DFIG-based Wind Energy Integrated Power Systems Under Combined Influence of PLL and Virtual Inertia Controller

Optimal Virtual Inertial-Based Power System Frequency Regulation Through Multi-Cluster Wind Turbines Using BWOA

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