A cross-cultural study of attitudes toward suicide among young people in India, Italy and Australia

Colucci, Erminia; Lester, David

doi:10.1177/0020764020926551

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Since 2018, we found six additional studies (including two that were previously unavailable), all of which support findings presented in this review. A quantitative study using a new scale found 18-24 year-old Indians' attitudes to suicide as negative, and that they felt suicide could not be prevented and that there were no risk signs [94]. Two other studies found poor levels of knowledge, with one study showing that 53.7% of students had poor knowledge regarding preventive measures of suicidal behaviour [95] and another showing that 43% of school students had inadequate knowledge of substance use [96].…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigma associated with mental health problems among young people in India: a systematic review of magnitude, manifestations and recommendations

et al. 2020

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Background Globally, 20% of young people experience mental disorders. In India, only 7.3% of its 365 million youth report such problems. Although public stigma associated with mental health problems particularly affects help-seeking among young people, the extent of stigma among young people in India is unknown. Describing and characterizing public stigma among young people will inform targeted interventions to address such stigma in India, and globally. Thus, we examined the magnitude and manifestations of public stigma, and synthesised evidence of recommendations to reduce mental-health-related stigma among young people in India. Method A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted. Nine electronic databases were searched and 30 studies (n = 6767) met inclusion criteria. Results Most studies (66%) focused on youth training to become health professionals. One-third of young people display poor knowledge of mental health problems and negative attitudes towards people with mental health problems and one in five had actual/intended stigmatizing behavior (I2>=95%). Young people are unable to recognize causes and symptoms of mental health problems and believe that recovery is unlikely. People with mental health problems are perceived as dangerous and irresponsible, likely due to misinformation and misunderstanding of mental health problems as being solely comprised of severe mental disorders (e.g. schizophrenia). However, psychiatric labels are not commonly used/understood. Conclusion Public education may use symptomatic vignettes (through relatable language and visuals) instead of psychiatric labels to improve young people’s understanding of the range of mental health problems. Recommended strategies to reduce public stigma include awareness campaigns integrated with educational institutions and content relevant to culture and age-appropriate social roles.

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Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigma associated with mental health problems among young people in India: a systematic review of magnitude, manifestations and recommendations

et al. 2020

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“…Our results support limited translation of these results to diverse populations. It is well documented that these communities experience (i) social and cultural stigma surrounding suicidal thoughts, behaviors, and associated death [56,57] and (ii) vastly different face-to-face interactions with the healthcare system [58]. For these reasons, our findings may not translate across diverse communities that disproportionately experience these thoughts and behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Functional and molecular characterization of suicidality factors using phenotypic and genome-wide data

et al. 2023

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Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of suicidal thoughts and behaviors support the existence of genetic contributions. Continuous measures of psychiatric disorder symptom severity can sometimes model polygenic risk better than binarized definitions. We compared two severity measures of suicidal thoughts and behaviors at the molecular and functional levels using genome-wide data. We used summary association data from GWAS of four traits analyzed in 122,935 individuals of European ancestry: thought life was not worth living (TLNWL), thoughts of self-harm, actual self-harm, and attempted suicide. A new trait for suicidal thoughts and behaviors was constructed first, phenotypically, by aggregating the previous four traits (termed “suicidality”) and second, genetically, by using genomic structural equation modeling (gSEM; termed S-factor). Suicidality and S-factor were compared using SNP-heritability (h2) estimates, genetic correlation (rg), partitioned h2, effect size distribution, transcriptomic correlations (ρGE) in the brain, and cross-population polygenic scoring (PGS). The S-factor had good model fit (χ2 = 0.21, AIC = 16.21, CFI = 1.00, SRMR = 0.024). Suicidality (h2 = 7.6%) had higher h2 than the S-factor (h2 = 2.54, Pdiff = 4.78 × 10−13). Although the S-factor had a larger number of non-null susceptibility loci (πc = 0.010), these loci had small effect sizes compared to those influencing suicidality (πc = 0.005, Pdiff = 0.045). The h2 of both traits was enriched for conserved biological pathways. The rg and ρGE support highly overlapping genetic and transcriptomic features between suicidality and the S-factor. PGS using European-ancestry SNP effect sizes strongly associated with TLNWL in Admixed Americans: Nagelkerke’s R2 = 8.56%, P = 0.009 (PGSsuicidality) and Nagelkerke’s R2 = 7.48%, P = 0.045 (PGSS-factor). An aggregate suicidality phenotype was statistically more heritable than the S-factor across all analyses and may be more informative for future genetic study designs interested in common genetic factors among different suicide related phenotypes.

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“…Our results support limited translation of these results to diverse populations. It is well documented that these communities experience (i) social and cultural stigma surrounding suicidal thoughts, behaviors, and associated death 54, 55 and (ii) vastly different face-to-face interactions with the healthcare system. 56 For these reasons, our findings may not translate across diverse communities that disproportionately experience these thoughts and behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and molecular characterization of suicidality factors using phenotypic and genome-wide data

Reis

Newton

Kessler

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of suicidal thoughts and behaviors support the existence of genetic contributions. Continuous measures of psychiatric disorder symptom severity can sometimes model polygenic risk better than binarized definitions. We compared two severity measures of suicidal thoughts and behaviors at the molecular and functional levels using genome-wide data. We used summary association data from GWAS of four traits analyzed in 122,935 individuals of European ancestry:thought life was not worth living(TLNWL),thoughts of self-harm, actual self-harm, andattempted suicide. The fifth trait, suicidality, was constructed with phenotypically as an aggregate of these four traits and genetically using Genomic Structural Equation modeling. Suicidality and S-factor were compared at the level of SNP-heritability (h2), genetic correlation, partitionedh2, effect size distribution, transcriptomic effects in the brain, and cross-population polygenic scoring (PGS). The S-factor had good model fit (χ2=0.21, AIC=16.21, CFI=1.00, SRMR=0.024). Suicidality (h2=7.6%) had higherh2than the S-factor (h2=2.54, Pdiff=4.78×10-13). Although the S-factor had a larger number of non-null susceptibility loci (πc=0.010), these loci had small effect sizes compared to those influencing suicidality (πc=0.005, Pdiff=0.045). Theh2of both traits was enrichment for conserved biological pathways. Therg andρGEsupport highly overlapping genetic and transcriptomic features between suicidality and the S-factor. PGS using European-ancestry SNP effect sizes strongly associated with TLNWL in Admixed Americans: Nagelkerke’sR2=8.56%, P=0.009 (PGSsuicidality) and Nagelkerke’sR2=7.48%, P=0.045 (PGSS-factor). An aggregate suicidality phenotype was statistically more heritable than the S-factor across all analyses and may be more informative for future study genetic designs than individual suicidality indicator traits.

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A cross-cultural study of attitudes toward suicide among young people in India, Italy and Australia

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Stigma associated with mental health problems among young people in India: a systematic review of magnitude, manifestations and recommendations

Stigma associated with mental health problems among young people in India: a systematic review of magnitude, manifestations and recommendations

Functional and molecular characterization of suicidality factors using phenotypic and genome-wide data

Functional and molecular characterization of suicidality factors using phenotypic and genome-wide data

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