When confronted with the topic of the quality of the acoustic environments, society and communities around the world tend to consider "sound" mainly in its negative facet of "noise". This approach is reflected in a number of recommendations and prescriptions to reduce people's exposure to excessive sound levels from transportation and industry, promoted by international institutions and authorities, such as the World Health Organization or the European Union [1,2]. Notwithstanding, such a strategy is not always effective in delivering the desired enhancements in terms of health and quality of life, and this is because "quietness" and the pursuit of "silence" are not necessarily enough to define an acoustic environment of high quality [3]. Indeed, environmental sounds often have positive effects on people, as they provide information, communicate safety, enable certain desirable activities, and, more generally, contribute to people's appeasement and psychophysical well-being [4,5]. With the rapid increase of urbanization, more research is needed towards alternative approaches for the characterization, management, and design of urban acoustic environments that support (and not only allow) restoration, health, and better quality of life, as well as basic research on the mechanisms underpinning the perception of environmental sounds in context and how their experience might affect health-related outcomes.Researchers in the environmental acoustics and soundscape domains are addressing these challenges by exploring new inter-and trans-disciplinary approaches to the characterization of the quality of the acoustic environments, new prediction and modeling methodologies for the acoustic environments and their qualities, and the relationships between sound, space, and behaviors in the built environment. From the 16 contributions published in this Special Issue, three main research themes were identified, which are briefly discussed below.