A crystal-less bluetooth low energy radio using a MEMS-based frequency reference system

Yen, Ernest Ting-Ta; Roine, Per Torstein; Tsai, Kaichien; Kallerud, Torjus; Goodlin, Brian

doi:10.1109/fcs.2017.8088840

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The internal re-trimming uses the LC-oscillator described in this paper as an accurate frequency reference. This system combines the low-power properties of the CCO and the LCoscillator's high-accuracy properties; which has similarities with the work in [33]. The system's accuracy is determined by that of the LC-oscillator, which is the current paper's focus.…”

Section: Frequency Trimmingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In Figure 1b, the temperature compensation block can be implemented in several ways in the system setup. The conventional options include using a fractional divider [16] or the usage of a PLL [33]. We aim at a slightly different system that also effectively implements a fractional divider function: we employ a free-running low-power current controlled oscillator (CCO) that is regularly re-trimmed so that a long term stable, temperature-independent frequency is obtained from the CCO.…”

Section: Frequency Trimmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Single-Trim Frequency Reference Achieving ±120 ppm Accuracy From −50 °C to 170 °C

Delke

Annema

Alink

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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A single-trim, highly accurate Colpitts-based frequency reference is presented. Our analysis shows that the Colpitts-topology outperforms the cross-coupled LC-topology in terms of temperature stability. Measurements on prototypes in a 0.13 µm high voltage CMOS SOI process were carried out from −50 to 170°C. Based on sample-specific single room temperature trim and batch calibration, our frequency reference achieves an accuracy of ±120 ppm for 16 samples from a single wafer utilized for extracting the batch-calibration polynomial, and ±300 ppm for 48 samples across 3 wafers from the same batch. This is a 4x improvement over related single-trim stateof-the-art solutions. Frequency drift due to ageing, tested after a 6-day 175°C storage, is below 100 ppm. The oscillator core dissipates 3.5 mW from a 2.5 V supply and has 220 ppm/V supply-sensitivity without supply regulation.

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Section: Frequency Trimmingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Frequency Trimmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single-Trim Frequency Reference Achieving ±120 ppm Accuracy From −50 °C to 170 °C

Delke

Annema

Alink

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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“…Section II extends further on previously reported integrated frequency references. This paper presents a fully integrated frequency reference system combining the high frequency stability of an LC-based oscillator (LCO) and the low power consumption of an RCbased oscillator, which has similarities with the work in [25]- [27] without relying on an external BAW-based [25], MEMSbased [26], or crystal-based resonator [27]. The design aims to achieve long-term stability over PVTL at a reference frequency of 70 MHz and thus to replace an XO with its accompanying PLL for future/proprietary IoT systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single-Trim Frequency Reference System With 0.7 ppm/°C From −63 °C to 165 °C Consuming 210 μW at 70 MHz

Delke

Hoen

Annema

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This paper presents a frequency reference system that combines high frequency accuracy and low power consumption using a single-point temperature trim and batch calibration. The system is intended as a low-cost fully integrated crystal oscillator replacement. In this system, the oscillation frequency of a power-efficient, but Process, Voltage, Temperature (PVT) and Lifetime (L) sensitive current-controlled ring oscillator (CCO) is periodically (re)calibrated by the well-behaved frequency stability of an untuned LC-based Colpitts oscillator (LCO), which is optimized for stability over PVTL. During the single-point room temperature factory trim, the frequency of the LCO is determined and the result is digitally stored. An on-chip calibration engine tunes the ring oscillator to the target frequency based on the LCO frequency, temperature sensor information and digitally stored trimming information, thus effectively improving the frequency stability of the ring oscillator. The relatively high-power LCO is heavily duty-cycled to minimize the overall power consumption. A prototype fabricated in a 0.13 µm highvoltage (HV) CMOS SOI process and assembled in a plastic package demonstrates an inaccuracy lower than ±93 ppm over a temperature range from −63 to 165 °C across 18 samples. The presented frequency reference system, including on-chip voltage regulators and a temperature sensor, occupies a chip area of 0.69 mm 2 and consumes about 64 µA from a single 3.3 V supply. The frequency error due to supply variation is roughly 92 ppm/V. The mean frequency shift due to aging, measured before and after a six-day storage bake at 175 °C, is only 52 ppm.

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199-MHz Polysilicon Micromechanical Disk Array-Composite Oscillator

Xie

Afshar

Ozgurluk

et al. 2020

2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferr

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A crystal-less bluetooth low energy radio using a MEMS-based frequency reference system

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

A Single-Trim Frequency Reference Achieving ±120 ppm Accuracy From −50 °C to 170 °C

A Single-Trim Frequency Reference Achieving ±120 ppm Accuracy From −50 °C to 170 °C

A Single-Trim Frequency Reference System With 0.7 ppm/°C From −63 °C to 165 °C Consuming 210 μW at 70 MHz

199-MHz Polysilicon Micromechanical Disk Array-Composite Oscillator

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