A cyclic-voltammetric study of glucose oxidation on a gold electrode

Makovos, E.B.; Liu, C.C.

doi:10.1016/0302-4598(86)80023-x

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Figure 1B shows that the glucose peak current at 0.25 V reached a plateau after the electrode was activated by 50 potential cycles. The necessity for such activation is consistent with the hypothesis that the electrooxidation of glucose requires the presence of the so-called "incipient oxide" on the gold surface [1,5,14,15,17,27,28]. Apparently, the cyclization of electrode potential in a phosphate buffer solution generates the gold-oxygen species on the electrode surface that catalyze the oxidation of glucose.…”

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confidence: 68%

Amperometric Determination of Glucose at Conventional vs. Nanostructured Gold Electrodes in Neutral Solutions

2010

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The conventional gold electrodes were compared with recently published electrodes based on gold nanoparticles and gold nanostructured films as amperometric sensors for glucose in pH 7.40 phosphate buffer solutions. The conventional electrodes provided similar electroanalytical benefits while required much simpler and shorter preparation. It is recommended that the future reports on the development of electrochemical sensors based on metal nanoparticles/nanostructures include also the analytical figures of merit obtained at relevant conventional metal electrodes. The voltammetric studies indicated that, in contrast to phosphate buffers, the Tris buffers were not suitable for activation of gold surface toward the direct oxidation of glucose.Keywords: Direct oxidation of glucose, Amperometric glucose sensors, Gold electrodes, Phosphate buffers, Tris buffers, Voltammetry, Nanostructures DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000006 The direct oxidation of glucose at solid electrodes is important for the development of new electrochemical devices including fuel cells and electrochemical sensors for glucose. In particular, the direct oxidation of glucose at gold electrodes has been extensively investigated in alkaline [1 -10], acidic [11 -13], and neutral solutions [14 -22]. Recently, the elaborate electrodes based on the gold nanoparticles and gold nanostructured films have been introduced for the direct determination of glucose in neutral solutions [23 -26]. The present communication demonstrates that the conventional gold disk electrodes can be as effective as these complex electrodes in the determination of glucose at physiological pH 7.40. In addition, the importance of solution composition for the activation of gold toward the oxidation of glucose is briefly discussed. Figure 1A presents typical cyclic voltammograms that were recorded at conventional gold disk electrodes in the absence (1) and presence (2) of glucose in a solution. They show that the oxidation of glucose takes place in the potential window from À 0.20 to 0.50 V with the current peak at 0.25 V. The oxidation of glucose was observed only after the gold electrodes were activated by cycling their potential between À 0.20 and 0.80 V before the addition of glucose to a solution. Practically no current due to the oxidation of glucose was recorded at the electrodes that did not undergo such activation. Figure 1B shows that the glucose peak current at 0.25 V reached a plateau after the electrode was activated by 50 potential cycles. The necessity for such activation is consistent with the hypothesis that the electrooxidation of glucose requires the presence of the so-called "incipient oxide" on the gold surface [1,5,14,15,17,27,28]. Apparently, the cyclization of electrode potential in a phosphate buffer solution generates the gold-oxygen species on the electrode surface that catalyze the oxidation of glucose. The Inset in Figure 1B presents a typical calibration plot for the amperometric detection of glucose at 0.25 V. The plot yields the sensitivity of 0.72 AE...

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confidence: 68%

Amperometric Determination of Glucose at Conventional vs. Nanostructured Gold Electrodes in Neutral Solutions

2010

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“…Moreover, it has been demonstrated that gold activity is strongly influenced by the pH and composition of the electrolyte solution. In a weak alkaline solution (7 < pH 10.5) the capability of gold to oxidize glucose depends mainly on the presence of an appropriate buffer solution [8] while no results are reported by using diluted alkali. From the reported studies, it became evident that the role of the buffering compounds (either phosphate or carbonate) is not merely the pH stabilization because their interaction with the sugar unit plays an important role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Subsequent efforts were devoted to the investigation of electrocatalytic surfaces and achieving an understanding of the oxidation mechanism [6][7][8][9][10]. From those preliminary investigations it was discovered that the reaction depends highly on electrode materials and the crystalline orientation of their surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An interesting aspect of glucose voltammograms on gold is the oxidative peak during the cathodic scan, [8][9][10] which has been explained by taking into account the role of oxygen anions desorbed from the metal surface [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From those preliminary investigations it was discovered that the reaction depends highly on electrode materials and the crystalline orientation of their surfaces. Glucose oxidation on a bare gold electrode was investigated in the past by the polarization method, cyclic voltammetry [6,[8][9][10] and more recently by large amplitude Fourier transformed alternating current voltammetry [11]. It has been demonstrated that, among different materials, glucose oxidation is most active in alkaline solutions [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alkaline glucose oxidation on nanostructured gold electrodes

et al. 2010

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The electrocatalytic properties of nanostructured gold electrodes for glucose electro-oxidation in KOH were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and compared with a commercially available polycrystalline gold electrode. These electrodes were prepared by depositing gold nanoparticles from a sol onto different carbonaceous conductive supports: glassy carbon, carbon cloth and graphite paper. The gold sol was prepared reducing an aqueous solution of tetrachloroauric acid with sodium borohydride. In order to improve gold nanoparticle adhesion, the substrate surfaces were treated with warm concentrated nitric acid. Gold on treated carbon cloth turned out to be a very promising anode for glucose electro-oxidation. In order to better understand the glucose oxidation its pH dependence as well as sorbitol (the glucose reduction product) electroxidation were investigated.

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