A cyclophosphamide-sensitive cell compartment is essential for homologous protection conferred by licensed vaccines for the control of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in chickens

Sadeyen, Jean-Rémy; Kaiser, Pete; Stevens, Mark P.; Dziva, Francis

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.034

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As a rule, inactivated vaccines administered via injection elicit high systemic antibody titres, even more so if they are given as booster. Chickens with a cyclophosphamide-induced B cell depletion did not produce avian pathogenic E. coli-specific IgY and were as susceptible to challenge as age-matched unvaccinated controls, showing that protection against colibacillosis requires a cyclophosphamide-sensitive cell population including B cells (Sadeyen et al, 2015). The protective effect observed in our study and by Li and others is therefore explained by the fact that vaccine-induced systemic antibodies likely hinder the access of E. coli to the bloodstream and/or favour its rapid clearance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The efficacy of inactivated Escherichia coli autogenous vaccines against the E. coli peritonitis syndrome in layers

Landman

Eck

2017

Avian Pathology

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Autogenous Escherichia coli vaccines to prevent the E. coli peritonitis syndrome (EPS) in laying hens are often used in the field, although their effectiveness has not been demonstrated yet. Therefore, in this study, which consisted of two experiments, their efficacy was assessed. In the first experiment, the EPS-inducing ability of three E. coli isolates originating from bone marrow of hens that died due to EPS and with different Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis patterns, was examined by intravenous inoculation of the isolates in 17-week-old brown layers. Based on the results one isolate was chosen for the preparation of the vaccines and for homologous challenge and another one for heterologous challenge performed in the second experiment. In the named experiment, groups of laying hens which had been vaccinated intramuscularly at 14 and 18 weeks of age with inactivated vaccine either formulated as aqueous suspension or as water-in-oil emulsion were homologously or heterologously challenged per aerosol at 30 weeks of age. The vaccines contained ≥10 formaldehyde-inactivated colony-forming units (cfu) of E. coli per hen dose in 0.5 ml. The estimated E. coli challenge dose uptake ranged from 10 to 10 cfu per hen. Groups consisted of 18 hens each and were housed in separate isolators from 27 weeks of age. Control groups were included in this experiment, which was ended eight days after challenge. Vaccinations had no effect on body growth and both vaccine types induced (almost) complete protection against homologous challenge, while protection against heterologous challenge was inconclusive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The efficacy of inactivated Escherichia coli autogenous vaccines against the E. coli peritonitis syndrome in layers

Landman

Eck

2017

Avian Pathology

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“…These observations have been reported by earlier workers (Okoye et al 1992;Kim et al 2003) who reported that CY treatment caused suppression of humoural antibody response. CY treatment has been used as a specific suppressor of B-cell dependent humoral immunity in order to determine the role of T and B cells in protective responses to infectious pathogens (Kibenge et al 1987;Okoye et al 1992;Sadeyen et al 2015). Most evidence indicates that CY suppresses B and T-cells in chickens temporarily and regeneration occurs within two weeks following CY treatment (Sharma and Lee 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of cyclophosphamide-treated broiler chickens to challenge with velogenic Newcastle disease virus

Igwe

Shittu

Okoye

2018

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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This study investigated whether prior cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment influenced the susceptibility of young broiler chickens to velogenic Newcastle disease (vND) virus (vNDV) challenge. Broiler chickens treated with CY at 4 weeks of age showed a loss of weight, severe atrophy of the bursa and thymus and severe lymphocytic depletion in the bursa, spleen and thymus and lymphopaenia. On challenge at 6 weeks of age with vNDV, there were significant (p < .05) weight loss, severe depression, diarrhoea, coughing and sero-mucous nasal discharges and torticollis. Lesions included severe atrophy of the lymphoid organs and congested lungs. Proventricular, intestinal and caecal tonsil haemorrhages and ulcers were more severe in the CY-untreated than the treated broilers. Histopathology showed severe necrosis and depletion of the lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs, perivascular cuffin and endotheliosis in the brain. Total mortalities in the CY-treated and untreated broilers were 100% and 94.44%, respectively, by day 6 post-challenge. There was no statistical difference (p < .05) between the mortalities. These results show that CY treatment may not have an effect on the susceptibility of broilers to an acute disease like vND. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Analysis of expression levels of signature cytokine mRNAs suggested that both vaccines induced a predominantly T h 2 response in the spleen as shown by decreased expression of IFN-γ, increased levels of O78-specific serum IgY and significant splenocyte recall responses to soluble APEC antigens at post-vaccination and post-challenge periods. In another study by the same authors using the Poulvac® E. coli vaccine and a formalin-inactivated APEC O78 bacterin followed by a homologous APEC O78 challenge in layer chickens, an important role for antibodies was suggested as evidenced by the lack of protection in cyclophosphamide-treated B-cell depleted chickens (Sadeyen et al, 2015a). Other studies exploiting bacterial outer membrane vesicles as a cross-protective vaccine candidate and a recombinant multi-antigen vaccine with broad protection potential suggested humoral and predominantly T h 1 cell-mediated adaptive immune responses in lymphoid organs (Van Goor et al, 2017;Hu et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Adaptive Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The bird’s immune response to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli

2021

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause colibacillosis in birds, a syndrome of severe respiratory and systemic disease that constitutes a major threat due to early mortality, condemnation of carcasses and reduced productivity. APEC can infect different types of birds in all commercial settings, and birds of all ages although disease tends to be more severe in younger birds likely a consequence of an immature immune system. APEC can act as both primary and secondary pathogens, with predisposing factors for secondary infections including poor housing conditions, respiratory viral and Mycoplasma spp. infections or vaccinations. Controlled studies with APEC as a primary pathogen have been used to study the bird's immune response to APEC, although it may not always be representative of natural infections which may be more complex due to the presence of secondary agents, stress and environmental factors. Under controlled experimental conditions, a strong early innate immune response is induced which includes host defence peptides in mucus and

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A cyclophosphamide-sensitive cell compartment is essential for homologous protection conferred by licensed vaccines for the control of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in chickens

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

The efficacy of inactivated Escherichia coli autogenous vaccines against the E. coli peritonitis syndrome in layers

The efficacy of inactivated Escherichia coli autogenous vaccines against the E. coli peritonitis syndrome in layers

Response of cyclophosphamide-treated broiler chickens to challenge with velogenic Newcastle disease virus

The bird’s immune response to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli

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