Amomum muricarpum ELMER (Zingiberaceae) is a medicinal plant 2-3 m tall which is distributed in dense forests in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces (China) at 300-1000 m above sea level.1) The plant is also distributed in the Philippines and recently was found in Vietnam by a group of botanic taxonomists of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. The lack of phytochemical reports on A. muricarpum prompted us to investigate the species that grows in Vietnam. We succeeded in the isolation of the two new diarylheptanoids 1 and 2 together with the three known compounds 3-5, of which the isolation and structure determination are described in this paper.The extraction of the oven-dried rhizomes of A. muricarpum with MeOH and sequential fractionation using solvents of increasing polarities gave n-hexane-, CH 2 Cl 2 -, EtOAc-, and 1-BuOH-soluble fractions. The isolation of compounds 1-5 ( Fig. 1) . The locations of the carbonyl group at C-3 and methoxyl group at C-5 were unambiguously determined with the 1 H-1 H correlated spectroscopy (COSY) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) spectra of 1 (Fig. 2). The absolute stereochemistry of the methoxyl group was determined to be 5R on the basis of the negative sign of the optical rotation and positive Cotton effect associated with the carbonyl n→p* transition at 350 nm (De ϩ0.57) in the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of 1 in comparison with those of a series of analogous compounds.2) Thus the structure of 1 was determined to be (5R)-5-methoxy-1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanone, which was given the trivial name muricarpone A.Compound 2 was obtained as a syrup. Its molecular formula was determined to be C 19 H 22 O 5 based on the results of negative-ion HR-FAB-MS. The IR spectrum exhibited a hydroxyl absorption band at 3286 and a ketone band at 1696 cm
Ϫ1. The 1 H-, 13 C-NMR (Table 1), and DEPT spectra of 2 disclosed the presence of seven carbons of the heptane chain including the isolated carbonyl group [d C 213.7 (s), 45.3 (t), 43.6 (t), 35.9 (t), 32.1 (t), 30.4 (t), 24.3 (t)] and two identical 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl moieties. The asymmetrical nature of the heptane chain was evident from the appearance of all seven carbons in the 13 C-NMR spectrum. The carbonyl group was located at C-3 by comparing the 13 C chemical shifts of 2 with those of yakuchinone A.3) This assignment was further confirmed in the HMBC experiment (Fig. 3). A and B, together with three known diarylheptanoids, 1,7-di-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-hepten-3-one, 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-(4؆-hydroxyphenyl)-4-hepten-3-one, and 1,7-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-4-hepten-3-one, were isolated from the rhizomes of Amomum muricarpum ELMER (Zingiberaceae). Their structures were determined using spectroscopic analyses.