A Damage Scenario for the 2012 Northern Italy Earthquakes and Estimation of the Economic Losses to Residential Buildings

Abstract

In May 2012 a seismic sequence occurred in Northern Italy that was characterized by two main shocks with a magnitude range between 5.5 and 6. These shocks represent a good case study by which to quantify the monetary losses caused by a moderate earthquake in a densely populated and economically well-developed area. The loss estimation accounts for damage to residential buildings, and considers the full effect of all the seismic aftershock events that lasted for nearly a month. The building damage estimation is based on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) definitions, which depict the effects of an earthquake on built-up areas in terms of observed intensities. Input data sources are the residential building census provided by Istituto Nazionale di Statistica-the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT)-and the official market value of real estate assets, obtained from the Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare-the Real Estate Market Observatory (OMI). These data make it possible to quantify the economic losses due to earthquakes, an economic indicator updated yearly. The proposed multidisciplinary method takes advantage of seismic, engineering, and economic data sets, and is able to provide a reasonable after the event losses scenario. Data are not gathered for each single building and the intensity values are not a simple hazard indicator, but, notwithstanding its coarseness, this method ensures both robust and reproducible results. As the local property value is available throughout the Italian territory, the present loss assessment can be effortlessly repeated for any area, and may be quickly reproduced in case of future events, or used for predictive economic estimations.

Seismic risk assessment of residential buildings in Italy

“…Different approaches are used by the 6 RU to build the VEMs in IRMA, as also happened for past studies dealing with the same problem (e.g. Di Pasquale et al (2005); Del Gaudio et al 2019; Bernardini et al 2008; Meroni et al (2017)). Each exposure model is described with a suitably defined exposure matrix that defines the percental attribution of each typology to each vulnerability class.…”

School infrastructure spending and educational outcomes: Evidence from the 2012 earthquake in Northern Italy

“…Combining the macroseismic intensity values with the level of vulnerability of the buildings, the INGV macroseismic survey provides estimations of the volume of buildings with a certain level of damage in a given municipality (see Meroni et al (2017) for a technical description). The INGV macroseismic survey classifies potential damage in 5 classes.…”

“…The INGV macroseismic survey is based on the same territorial classification provided by Meroni et al (2017). See Section C of the Online Appendix for more information.…”

Seismic Assessment of Footbridges under Spatial Variation of Earthquake Ground Motion (SVEGM): Experimental Testing and Finite Element Analyses

“…Moreover, the experimental investigation of the coherence functions (see Figures 12b and 14b) proved that the validated model of nonuniform kinematic excitation, in which the loss of coherence is neglected, is appropriate for excitations with the dominant frequency range around 5-15 Hz. This seismic event was chosen as the 2012 Northern Italy Earthquakes represent a good case study regarding the losses caused by a moderate earthquake in a densely populated and economically well-developed area in European Union [32]. Moreover, the experimental investigation of the coherence functions (see Figures 12b and 14b) proved that the validated model of nonuniform kinematic excitation, in which the loss of coherence is neglected, is appropriate for excitations with the dominant frequency range around 5-15 Hz.…”