A Decade of Transit Oriented Development Policies in Brisbane, Australia: Development and Land-Use Impacts

Abstract

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) involves intense, mixed development around transit nodes. This article investigates the extent to which TOD policies have become reality in Brisbane, a city of two million in eastern Australia, which has embraced TOD at a policy level. It also aims to present a straightforward method which cities in Australia and internationally can employ to measure the outcomes of their TOD policies. Through GIS analysis, the authors measure the level of concentration of population, dwellings, and jobs in rail-based TOD nodes-as opposed to areas that are unserved by the train network. The results do not support the notion that Brisbane is a transit-oriented city. Nonetheless, there is a moderate trend toward the concentration of people and dwellings in TOD areas. The planning sector could accelerate this trend through policy measures. 以公共交通为导向的发展(TOD)指围绕公交枢纽进行密集型、混合 型开发。本文考察布里斯班 实施TOD 的情况。这座澳大利亚东部城市 人口200 万，已经制定了TOD 政策。本文还试图推荐 一种可在澳大利 亚和其他国家城市中用来衡量TOD 效果的简便方法。通过GIS 分析，作 者测量了 轨道交通枢纽的人口、居住和工作密集度，并与不通火车的地 区进行了对比。结果显示布里斯班 算不上以公共交通为导向的城市。不 过，TOD 地区人口和居住密度略有增加。规划部门可通过政 策措施加速 这一趋势。 1. Introduction Starting in the second half of the twentieth century, many western cities, especially those within the Anglosphere, have spread horizontally in a low-density fashion. Urban sprawl has resulted in loss of green space, lack of choice in terms of housing products, segregation of land uses, long distances between destinations, over-reliance on automobiles, traffic congestion and related externalities, and costly requirements to expand infrastructure (Downs 2007). These problems are acute in Australian cities, especially lower density ones. In response, in the last few decades a number of planning concepts-including "growth boundaries, " "planned unit development, " "form-based zoning, " "green urbanism, " etc.-have been introduced or revived in order to manage urban expansion in a more efficient and sustainable manner (see Goetz 2013). Recently, there has been keen interest in creating a more coordinated approach to growth management in order to achieve a more sustainable urban form (Curtis 2012a). One emerging concept is Transit Oriented Development (TOD), which involves intense, comprehensive development around transit nodes.

Transport's historical, contemporary and future role in shaping urban development: Re-evaluating transit oriented development

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