INTRODUCTIONPort container terminals are located at places where containers are transshipped from a transportation mode to another. Their main functions are to provide transfer facilities for containers between vessels and land transportation modes, such as trucks and trains. They are characterized by highly complex systems that involve numerous pieces of equipments, operations, and handling steps. Operations in container terminals can be classified into a vessel operation process during which containers are discharged from and loaded onto a vessel and receiving and delivery operation processes during which containers are transferred from and to external trucks. During these operations, assigning resources to these operations and scheduling these operations become major planning issues in container terminals.Many researchers reviewed planning problems in an operation of container terminals (Ramani, 1996;Bontempi et al., 1997;Meersmans and Dekker, 2001;Vis and de Koster, 2003;Steenken et al., 2004;Murty et al., 2005;Crainic and Kim, 2007). Ramani (1996) divided the basic task in the management of container terminals into a berth allocation, yard planning, stowage planning, and logistics planning in container operations. A berth allocation issue is to plan which berth is to be assigned to a given ship for loading and unloading its containers. A yard planning involves the allocation of storage spaces to import, export, and transshipment containers. A stowage planning assigns stowage locations to outbound containers in bays of a ship. A logistic planning deals with scheduling and coordinating the operation of port equipments, such as quay cranes, prime movers, and yard cranes for moving containers among different sources and destinations (for example, gates, vessels, rail stations, storage yards, and container freight stations). Bontempi et al. (1997) assigned a different time horizon to each planning problem in container operations. They used the solution obtained in long-term problems (container storage policies) as an input for mid-term problems (resource allocation problems) and the solution obtained in mid-term problems (resource allocation policies) as an input for short-term problems (load and unload scheduling problems). Meersmans and Dekker (2001) and Vis and de Koster (2003) distinguished decisions on container handling operations into strategic, tactical, and operational levels according to the time horizon involved. A time horizon in decisions for the strategic, tactical, and operational level covers one to several years, a day to months, and a day, respectively. Steenken et al. (2004) reviewed terminal logistics and optimization methods. They described the important processes in container terminals that can be optimized by means of operations research methods: ship planning processes (consisting of berth allocation, stowage planning, and crane split), storage and stacking logistics, transport optimization, and simulation systems. Murty et al. (2005) introduced nine decisions to be made in daily operatio...