A Declarative Application Framework for Evaluating Advanced V2X-Based ADAS Solutions

Wippelhauser, András; Edelmayer, András; Bokor, László

doi:10.3390/app13031392

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is worth noting that the increased EED should be acceptable for Day-1 type applications that share vehicle status, such as CAMs. The common feature of Day-1 applications is in fact that they are relatively simple, human driver-based and free of driving control [33]. In this perspective, the Day-1 applications would only show warning messages and make the drivers aware of the environment.…”

Section: Results With Balanced Technology Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Co-Channel Coexistence Mitigation Methods Applied to IEEE 802.11p and 5G NR-V2X Sidelink

Bartoletti

Martinez³

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Direct communication between vehicles and surrounding objects, called vehicle-to-everything (V2X), is ready for the market and promises to raise the level of safety and comfort while driving. To this aim, specific bands have been reserved in some countries worldwide and different wireless technologies have been developed; however, these are not interoperable. Recently, the issue of co-channel coexistence has been raised, leading the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to propose a number of solutions, called mitigation methods, for the coexistence of the IEEE 802.11p based ITS-G5 and the 3GPP fourth generation (4G) long term evolution (LTE)-V2X sidelink. In this work, several of the envisioned alternatives are investigated when adapted to the coexistence of the IEEE 802.11p with its enhancement IEEE 802.11bd and the latest 3GPP standards, i.e., the fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR)-V2X. The results, obtained through an open-source simulator that is shared with the research community for the evaluation of additional proposals, show that the methods called A and C, which require modifications to the standards, improve the transmission range of one or both systems without affecting the other, at least in low-density scenarios.

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Section: Results With Balanced Technology Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Co-Channel Coexistence Mitigation Methods Applied to IEEE 802.11p and 5G NR-V2X Sidelink

Bartoletti

Martinez³

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…By using an additional switch connected to the installed OBU, the operator can easily generate a DENM message which is broadcasted at the spot directly (standalone mode) or via the central ITS station (connected mode). The C-Roads Platform [43] is considered an adequate instrument for Member States to continue their involvement in the dynamic field of C-ITS and to delve into more detail from a particular road operator perspective. Member States across Europe are installing C-ITS pilot sites needed for the testing and later operation of "Day1" and beyond recommended by the European Commission's "C-ITS platform".…”

Section: The Simulation Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Life Traffic Data Based ITS-G5 Channel Load Simulations of a Major Hungarian C-ITS Deployment Site

Wippelhauser,

Tomaschek,

Verdes

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Transportation efficiency and safety are crucial development areas nowadays. Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs), relying on Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, are a promising group of technologies and applications aimed at solving several issues related to road safety or efficiency. The C-Roads Platform was brought to life to ensure the cross-border harmonization of C-ITS at a European level, guiding several pilot activities in national deployment projects and providing a harmonized pan-European C-ITS service perspective. Because of the safety relevance of V2X technologies, it is essential to ensure that the crucial parameters of wireless communication are within an acceptable range to serve C-ITS applications appropriately. In this work, we developed a simulation pipeline to evaluate future V2X deployments using the real-world traffic and map data of a C-Roads harmonized major Hungarian C-ITS deployment site. First, we selected three time periods representing different traffic patterns. Then, we reconstructed the flow-based traffic data from the real-world traffic counters for the selected time periods. We developed an approach based on linear equations to perform the conversion. Eventually, we used the real-world data to simulate the effects of various DSRC (ITS-G5-based) C-ITS services and V2X penetration rates on the Channel Busy Ratio (CBR) parameter of the radio access environment.

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“…To validate the overall effectiveness of the improved algorithm, a set of ablation experiments were conducted. The experiment included six models with different configurations: 1 Original YOLOv5s; 2 YOLOv5s + C3_Faster; 3 YOLOv5s + ECA; 4 YOLOv5s + SIoU; 5 YOLOv5s + ECA + SIoU; 6 YOLOv5s + C3_Faster + ECA + SIoU. The experimental results are shown in Table 7.…”

Section: Ablation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many road accidents, a significant proportion is caused by driver-related factors. To reduce the occurrence rate of road accidents and improve driving safety, many domestic and international universities and companies have conducted extensive research on ADAS [1][2][3][4]. Machine vision-based lane line type recognition technology is part of the ADAS perception module.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lane Line Type Recognition Based on Improved YOLOv5

Liu,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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The recognition of lane line type plays an important role in the perception of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). In actual vehicle driving on roads, there are a variety of lane line type and complex road conditions which present significant challenges to ADAS. To address this problem, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv5 method for recognising lane line type. This method can accurately and quickly identify the types of lane lines and can show good recognition results in harsh environments. The main strategy of this method includes the following steps: first, the FasterNet lightweight network is introduced into all the concentrated-comprehensive convolution (C3) modules in the network to accelerate the inference speed and reduce the number of parameters. Then, the efficient channel attention (ECA) mechanism is integrated into the backbone network to extract image feature information and improve the model’s detection accuracy. Finally, the sigmoid intersection over union (SIoU) loss function is used to replace the original generalised intersection over union (GIoU) loss function to further enhance the robustness of the model. Through experiments, the improved YOLOv5s algorithm achieves 95.1% of mAP@0.5 and 95.2 frame·s−1 of FPS, which can satisfy the demand of ADAS for accuracy and real-time performance. And the number of model parameters are only 6M, and the volume is only 11.7 MB, which will be easily embedded into ADAS and does not require huge computing power to support it. Meanwhile, the improved algorithms increase the accuracy and speed of YOLOv5m, YOLOv5l, and YOLOv5x models to different degrees. The appropriate model can be selected according to the actual situation. This plays a practical role in improving the safety of ADAS.

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A Declarative Application Framework for Evaluating Advanced V2X-Based ADAS Solutions

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of Co-Channel Coexistence Mitigation Methods Applied to IEEE 802.11p and 5G NR-V2X Sidelink

Analysis of Co-Channel Coexistence Mitigation Methods Applied to IEEE 802.11p and 5G NR-V2X Sidelink

Real-Life Traffic Data Based ITS-G5 Channel Load Simulations of a Major Hungarian C-ITS Deployment Site

Lane Line Type Recognition Based on Improved YOLOv5

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