A decrease of the butyrate-producing species<i>Roseburia hominis</i>and<i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i>defines dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis

Machiels, Kathleen; Joossens, Marie; Sabino, J; Preter, Vicky De; Arijs, Ingrid; Eeckhaut, Venessa; Ballet, Vera; Claes, Karolien; Immerseel, Filip Van; Verbeke, Kristin; Ferrante, Marc; Verhaegen, Jan; Rutgeerts, Paul; Vermeire, Séverine

doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304833

Cited by 1,492 publications

(1,116 citation statements)

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“…2012; Machiels et al. 2014). A bidirectional relationship between an altered microbial community and the host perpetuates an inflammatory state that leads to further effects on the immune response and maintains states of chronic inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual reinforcement of pathophysiological host‐microbe interactions in intestinal stasis models

Touw

Ringus

Hubert

et al. 2017

Physiological Reports

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Chronic diseases arise when there is mutual reinforcement of pathophysiological processes that cause an aberrant steady state. Such a sequence of events may underlie chronic constipation, which has been associated with dysbiosis of the gut. In this study we hypothesized that assemblage of microbial communities, directed by slow gastrointestinal transit, affects host function in a way that reinforces constipation and further maintains selection on microbial communities. In our study, we used two models – an opioid‐induced constipation model in mice, and a humanized mouse model where germ‐free mice were colonized with stool from a patient with constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS‐C) in humans. We examined the impact of pharmacologically (loperamide)‐induced constipation (PIC) and IBS‐C on the structural and functional profile of the gut microbiota. Germ‐free (GF) mice were colonized with microbiota from PIC donor mice and IBS‐C patients to determine how the microbiota affects the host. PIC and IBS‐C promoted changes in the gut microbiota, characterized by increased relative abundance of Bacteroides ovatus and Parabacteroides distasonis in both models. PIC mice exhibited decreased luminal concentrations of butyrate in the cecum and altered metabolic profiles of the gut microbiota. Colonization of GF mice with PIC‐associated mice cecal or human IBS‐C fecal microbiota significantly increased GI transit time when compared to control microbiota recipients. IBS‐C‐associated gut microbiota also impacted colonic contractile properties. Our findings support the concept that constipation is characterized by disease‐associated steady states caused by reinforcement of pathophysiological factors in host‐microbe interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual reinforcement of pathophysiological host‐microbe interactions in intestinal stasis models

Touw

Ringus

Hubert

et al. 2017

Physiological Reports

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“…IP was assessed by using the radioactive probe 51 Cr-EDTA as described previously (5). Briefly, after an overnight fast and emptying of the bladder, patients drank a Nutridrink (200 mL, 150 kcal/100 mL) (Nutricia) containing 50 μCi (1.85 MBq) 51 Cr-EDTA. Urine was collected for 24 h. Radioactivity was measured in urine collections with a gamma counter (Cobra5003; Canberra Packard).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Intestinal permeability was measured by using the 51 Cr-EDTA method. (A) Results revealed that, at T1, 26 of 60 patients had elevated gut permeability whereas the remaining 34 patients had normal gut permeability compared with control subjects.…”

Section: Ip Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggestion is supported by the strong negative correlations that we observed between IP and Bifidobacterium as well as Ruminococcaceae bacteria, particularly F. prausnitzii. This species is also depleted in Crohn's disease (33) and ulcerative colitis (51) and has been shown to have antiinflammatory properties both in vitro and in vivo (33) and therefore seems to be crucial for gut homeostasis. Indeed, supernatants from F. prausnitzii cultures inhibited IL-8 secretion and NF-κB activation in Caco-2 cells stimulated with IL-1β (33).…”

Section: Effect Of Alcohol Withdrawal On Gut-microbiota Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity

Leclercq

Matamoros

Cani

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Alcohol dependence has traditionally been considered a brain disorder. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiota has recently been shown to be present in psychiatric disorders, which suggests the possibility of gut-to-brain interactions in the development of alcohol dependence. The aim of the present study was to explore whether changes in gut permeability are linked to gut-microbiota composition and activity in alcohol-dependent subjects. We also investigated whether gut dysfunction is associated with the psychological symptoms of alcohol dependence. Finally, we tested the reversibility of the biological and behavioral parameters after a short-term detoxification program. We found that some, but not all, alcohol-dependent subjects developed gut leakiness, which was associated with higher scores of depression, anxiety, and alcohol craving after 3 wk of abstinence, which may be important psychological factors of relapse. Moreover, subjects with increased gut permeability also had altered composition and activity of the gut microbiota. These results suggest the existence of a gut-brain axis in alcohol dependence, which implicates the gut microbiota as an actor in the gut barrier and in behavioral disorders. Thus, the gut microbiota seems to be a previously unidentified target in the management of alcohol dependence.alcohol dependence | gut permeability | gut microbiota | gut-brain axis | behavior

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“…Changes to the abundance of specific organisms have also been associated with IBD. For example, a reduction in abundance of the butyrate-producing bacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is commonly seen in the setting of active inflammation, 10 , 11 whereas the abundance of Escherichia coli is commonly increased in active IBD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of inflammation in temporal shifts in the inflammatory bowel disease mucosal microbiome

2018

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Studies of the human intestinal microbiome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consistently show that there are differences (an abnormal or unbalanced microbiome, “dysbiosis”) when compared to healthy subjects. We sought to describe changes in the microbiome in individual patients over time, and determine the clinical factors that are associated with significant alteration. Forty-two mucosal biopsies were collected from 20 patients that were spaced an average of 2.4 years apart. These were analysed using bacterial 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing methods. Presence of active inflammation was determined endoscopically and histologically. Inferred metagenomics analysis was conducted using the PICRUSt package. We found that the differences in the microbiome over time in individual patients were greatest in the presence of ongoing intestinal inflammation, as determined by the Yue and Clayton theta distance between sample pairs (adjusted p = 0.00031). Samples from patients with previous abdominal surgery had lower alpha (within sample) diversity compared with those with no prior operations (mean Shannon index 2.083, 2.510 respectively, p = 0.017). There were no changes in the inferred bacterial metagenomic profile. The microbiome in IBD undergoes considerable fluctuation over time. These changes are greatest when there is histologically confirmed inflammation at both time-points.

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A decrease of the butyrate-producing speciesRoseburia hominisandFaecalibacterium prausnitziidefines dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis

Cited by 1,492 publications

References 49 publications

Mutual reinforcement of pathophysiological host‐microbe interactions in intestinal stasis models

Mutual reinforcement of pathophysiological host‐microbe interactions in intestinal stasis models

Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity

The role of inflammation in temporal shifts in the inflammatory bowel disease mucosal microbiome

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