A deductive question-answerer for natural language inference

Schwarcz, Robert; Burger, John F.; Simmons, Robert F.

doi:10.1145/362052.362058

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The two clearest examples of the general use of path-based inference are in SAMENLAQ II [18] and Protosynthex III [13]. Both these systems use what might be called "relational" networks rather than =semantic = networks since arc-relations include conceptual relations as well as structural relations (see [14] for a discussion of the difference).…”

Section: Path-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Path-based and node-based inference in semantic networks

Shapiro

1978

Proceedings of the 1978 Workshop on Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing -

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Two styles of performing inference in semantic networks are presented and compared.Path-based inference allows an arc or a path of arcs between two given nodes to be inferred from the existence of another specified path between the same two nodes.Path-based inference rules may be written using a binary relational calculus notation.Node-based inference allows a structure of nodes to be inferred from the existence of an instance of a pattern of node structures.Node-based inference rules can be constructed in a semantic network using a variant of a predicate calculus notation.Path-based inference is more efficient, while node-based inference is more general.A method is described of combining the two styles in a single system in order to take advantage of the strengths of each.Applications of path-based inference rules to the representation of the extensional equivalence of intensional concepts, and to the explication of inheritance in hierarchies are sketched.

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Section: Path-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Path-based and node-based inference in semantic networks

Shapiro

1978

Proceedings of the 1978 Workshop on Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing -

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“…(Schwarcz et al 1970;Carbonnel, Collins 1974), or more ambitiously, on taking into account all the constituent properties of certain given situations (Charniak 1972(Charniak , 1975(Charniak , 1976Minsky 1974;Schank et al 1975). …”

Section: Gian Piero Zarrimentioning

confidence: 99%

An artificial intelligence approach to the study of the humanist literary movement in XIVth and XVth century France

Zarri

1977

Comput Hum

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The RESEDA project was formed to provide specialists of the XIVth and XVth centuries with an interactive method of processing biographical data. At present, thanks to the joint financing of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the D616gation G6n6rale /t la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (contract 75.7.0456), a test model is being worked out with the leading characters of the humanist literary movement in France. The methodological interest of the project seems to lie essentially in the attempt to enrich the techniques of information retrieval by instruments endowed with a certain deductive power (Cros et al. 1968; Fossier, Cr6hange 1970) in order to assess, by working with a concrete example, the tools necessary for simulation of quite complex intellectual processes. Moreover, owing to the extremely complex and very often implicit nature of the relations between the characters who interest us, it is almost essential to have recourse to very sophisticated methods. The target is, in fact, the creation of a system which would have not only a static function of recuperating a stored item of information but also a dynamic function of establishing new links between the data and increasing, as it were, the initial knowledge. Therefore RESEDA must to a certain extent enter the sphere of artificial intelligence.

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“…This is especially so in the case of researchers who have neglected other aspects to concentrate on natural language understanding. A case in point is the work by Simmons, Schwartz, and their associates (Schwartz et al, 26). In spite of using a semantic information storage (in the form of triples) they use it only for processing student's answers and, very recently, for generating true-false questions (Simmons,27); other types of program questions, and answering questions from the student, have been left aside.…”

Section: Appendix Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A very comprehensive review of natural-language question-answering systems has been made by Simmons (30), though the emphasis is probably more on natural-language analysis than on question answering. With the same approach, Schwarcz et al (26) recently presented the last version of their series of Protosynthex systems for deductive question-answering using natural language. Some of the comments they make in this interesting paper are worth mentioning in relation to our own work on SCHOLAR.…”

Section: B2 Some Relevant Artificial Intelligence Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed-Initiative Systems for Training and Decision-Aid Applications

Carbonell¹,

Collins²

1970

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When U.S. Government drawings, specifications or other data are used for any purpose other than a definitely related government procurement operation, the government thereby incurs no responsibility nor any obligation whatsoever; and the fact that the government may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data is not to be regarded by implication or otherwise as in any manner licensing the holder or any other person or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto. OTHER NOTICES Do not return this copy. Retain or destroy. FOREWORD One of the goals of Air Force Electronic Systems Division is the development of a technology for computer-based, personnel-support systems integrated into Air Force Information Systems. These support systems are required to improve the efficiency of man-computer interactions in the host Information Systems. They are designed to provide automated, on-the-job training and decision-aiding for Information System personnel. Task 691703, Computer-Aided Instruction and Exercising Systems, under Project 6917, Command Management Data Systems Software, was established to develop and apply the technology for these personnelsupport systems. This report is one in a series supporting Project 6917. It describes a feasibility study for an entirely new approach to design of personnel-support systems. It presents an engineering solution based on artificial intelligence concepts and techniques. The unique data base structure results in significant improvements in individuals zation and humanization of the training and performance aiding process,

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A deductive question-answerer for natural language inference

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Path-based and node-based inference in semantic networks

Path-based and node-based inference in semantic networks

An artificial intelligence approach to the study of the humanist literary movement in XIVth and XVth century France

Mixed-Initiative Systems for Training and Decision-Aid Applications

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