“…Another problem occurs when a lung disease, such as pneumonia, affects the lungs similarly to COVID-19. Many studies have not distinguished COVID-19 positive and positive pneumonia images [8] , [12] , [13] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] . When multi-class classification is performed, the severity of the problems related to the small dataset volume and the presence of noise is more apparent.…”