A description of the extreme aged population based on improved medicare enrollment data

Kestenbaum, Bert

doi:10.2307/2061852

Cited by 122 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…30,31 We selected ages 85-95 as a representative range for estimating a regression equation for conditional probability of death, and we then constrained the intercept to equal the conditional probability of death values by age, race, or sex observed at age eighty-four. In other words, race was incorporated by parallel displacements of the regression line.…”

Section: Study Data and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences In Life Expectancy Due To Race And Educational Differences Are Widening, And Many May Not Catch Up

et al. 2012

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It has long been known that despite well-documented improvements in longevity for most Americans, alarming disparities persist among racial groups and between the well-educated and those with less education. In this article we update estimates of the impact of race and education on past and present life expectancy, examine trends in disparities from 1990 through 2008, and place observed disparities in the context of a rapidly aging society that is emerging at a time of optimism about the next revolution in longevity. We found that in 2008 US adult men and women with fewer than twelve years of education had life expectancies not much better than those of all adults in the 1950s and 1960s. When race and education are combined, the disparity is even more striking. In 2008 white US men and women with 16 years or more of schooling had life expectancies far greater than black Americans with fewer than 12 years of education-14.2 years more for white men than black men, and 10.3 years more for white women than black women. These gaps have widened over time and have led to at least two "Americas," if not multiple others, in terms of life expectancy, demarcated by level of education and racial-group membership. The message for policy makers is clear: implement educational enhancements at young, middle, and older ages for people of all races, to reduce the large gap in health and longevity that persists today.

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Section: Study Data and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences In Life Expectancy Due To Race And Educational Differences Are Widening, And Many May Not Catch Up

et al. 2012

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“…Using high quality Medicare data, Kestenbaum (1992) showed a racial crossover in the 1987 period at age 90. A racial crossover implies that white mortality was lower than black mortality until this age, at which point the relationship reversed.…”

Section: Disparities In Mortality and Total Life Expectancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities in disability life expectancy in us birth cohorts: The influence of sex and race

Soneji

2006

Biodemography and Social Biology

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Racial and sex disparities in chronic diseases and mortality are sources of health inequality and have been observed from infancy to adulthood. Disparities in health and mortality contribute to corresponding disparities in healthy life. I address two previously unanswered questions in the aging literature. First, does the racial and sex gap in healthy life narrow, persist, or expand over age and time, particularly considering severity of ill health, among the oldest old? Second, do some race-sex groups of birth cohorts live not just longer lives, but longer healthier lives, while others spend additional years in illness? To estimate the quantities, I employ a refined definition of physical disability and apply a new extension of Sullivan's method to true birth cohorts. The results suggest among the oldest old, few racial or sex disparities exist over age and time in mild disability. Yet, racial and sex disparities persist over age and time in severe disability.

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“…Until recently, demographers have been very wary of using U.S. mortality data at older ages because of concerns about the validity of agereporting. New data sources, carefully checked by meticulous analysts, now permit accurate estimation of U.S. death rates, at least up to ages in the late 90s for the white population (Kestenbaum 1992;Shrestha & Preston 1995;Manton & Vaupel 1995). Figure 5 compares some of these estimates with estimates for England & Wales and Sweden.…”

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confidence: 99%

The remarkable improvements in survival at older ages

Vaupel

1997

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

126

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The belief that old–age mortality is intractable remains deeply held by many people. Remarkable progress, however, has been made since 1950, and especially since 1970, in substantially improving survival at older ages, even the most advanced ages. The pace of mortality improvement at older ages continues to be particularly rapid in Japan, even though mortality levels in Japan are lower than elsewhere. The progress in improving survival has accelerated the growth of the population of older people and has advanced the frontier of human survival substantially beyond the extremes of longevity attained in pre–industrial times. Little, however, is known about why mortality among the oldest–old has been so plastic since 1950. The little that is known has largely been learned within the past few years. New findings, especially concerning genetic factors that influence longevity, are emerging at accelerating rate.

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A description of the extreme aged population based on improved medicare enrollment data

Cited by 122 publications

References 6 publications

Differences In Life Expectancy Due To Race And Educational Differences Are Widening, And Many May Not Catch Up

Differences In Life Expectancy Due To Race And Educational Differences Are Widening, And Many May Not Catch Up

Disparities in disability life expectancy in us birth cohorts: The influence of sex and race

The remarkable improvements in survival at older ages

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