A Design of Broadband 3-D-Printed Circularly Polarized Spherical Luneburg Lens Antenna for X-Band

A 3‐D ‐printed Luneburg lens antenna with consistent multibeams based on quasi‐pyramid structure

“…A detailed and comprehensive comparison between the proposed LLA and other reported spherical LLAs is summarized in Table 3. In comparison to the spherical LLA in References [21, 22, 27], and the relative bandwidth and beam coverage of the presented antenna is significantly more advantageous. The presented antenna has a smaller scale and larger scanning angle compared to the antenna in Reference [26] operating at the same frequency.…”

“…And the simulation of Feeds 5-8 can be introduced by the central symmetry. Slightly different from classic dielectric antennas, [34][35][36] the E-field performance analysis of Luneburg lens antenna is mainly focused on space variations of the wavefront before and after the lens, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] instead of propagation mode. As can be observed from Figure 7, the relative phase of the propagating fields is rebuilt and then the necessary wave-transformation functions to enhance gain and turn the original spherical wavefront to be planar.…”

“…Periodic unit cells are structures with the same geometrical characteristics and different dimensional parameters that can achieve the gradient permittivity. Frequently practical periodic unit cells in spherical LLA include the ring-type units, 20 the single or cross cubical lattices, [21][22][23] the dielectric hole-type units, [24][25][26] and the quasi-icosahedron model, 27 etc. Structures vary with continuous functions are also introduced to design special units, which achieve the ideally continuous permittivity distribution of LLA, such as the circular truncated cone, 28 the dielectric curve-type units, 29 and the dielectric rod-type units.…”

A PCB‐stacked air‐filled Luneburg reflector lens antenna for 5G millimeter wave applications

“…With the help of mature 3D printing technology, more and more 3D‐printed Luneburg lens is proposed in recent years 11–14 . Thanks to the effective medium theory (EMT), the proposed Luneburg lens is implemented by sandwiching a layer of dielectric posts with parallel plates, 11 while the GRIN in Reference 12 is realized by manipulating the wall thickness of each triangular unit cells in each concentric shell.…”

“…Thanks to the effective medium theory (EMT), the proposed Luneburg lens is implemented by sandwiching a layer of dielectric posts with parallel plates, 11 while the GRIN in Reference 12 is realized by manipulating the wall thickness of each triangular unit cells in each concentric shell. Besides, by utilizing the EMT similarly, two 3D‐printed Luneburg lenses with circularly polarized feed antenna are proposed in References 13 and 14. By utilizing the metamaterials, the GRIN of the Luneburg lens could also be realized 15–17 .…”