A design-of-experiments approach to modeling activity coefficients in solvent mixtures: a case study using platinum(ii) acetylacetonate in mixtures of acetone, cyclohexanol, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and propylene carbonate

Flanagan, Scott; Hall, E.L.; Bowie, Wade; Fuhs, James W.; Logan, R.H.; Maniei, Farzaneh; Hunt, A.

doi:10.1039/b418130a

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…1B shows the vapor pressure of Pt(acac) 2 and Ru(acac) 3 compared with metallic elements Ba and Sr and volatile metal-organics vanadium(V) oxytriisopropoxide, titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide, and hexamethylditin, commonly used in MBE. Pt(acac) 2 and Ru(acac) 3 are also solids at these temperatures, with a melting point of 240 °C (29) and 260 °C (30), respectively, which is important for their ease of use in an effusion cell. Finally, Pt(acac) 2 and Ru(acac) 3 are thermally stable until about 210 °C and 230 °C (28), respectively, indicating thermal decomposition does not occur at typical growth temperatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel synthesis approach for “stubborn” metals and metal oxides

Nunn

Manjeshwar

Yue

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Advances in physical vapor deposition techniques have led to a myriad of quantum materials and technological breakthroughs, affecting all areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology which rely on the innovation in synthesis. Despite this, one area that remains challenging is the synthesis of atomically precise complex metal oxide thin films and heterostructures containing “stubborn” elements that are not only nontrivial to evaporate/sublimate but also hard to oxidize. Here, we report a simple yet atomically controlled synthesis approach that bridges this gap. Using platinum and ruthenium as examples, we show that both the low vapor pressure and the difficulty in oxidizing a “stubborn” element can be addressed by using a solid metal-organic compound with significantly higher vapor pressure and with the added benefits of being in a preoxidized state along with excellent thermal and air stability. We demonstrate the synthesis of high-quality single crystalline, epitaxial Pt, and RuO2 films, resulting in a record high residual resistivity ratio (=27) in Pt films and low residual resistivity, ∼6 μΩ·cm, in RuO2 films. We further demonstrate, using SrRuO3 as an example, the viability of this approach for more complex materials with the same ease and control that has been largely responsible for the success of the molecular beam epitaxy of III-V semiconductors. Our approach is a major step forward in the synthesis science of “stubborn” materials, which have been of significant interest to the materials science and the condensed matter physics community.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel synthesis approach for “stubborn” metals and metal oxides

Nunn

Manjeshwar

Yue

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Activity coefficients between 40 and 1.8 were found, with the fugacity of solid ferrocene as the reference state . For other metal–organic compounds like platinum(II) acetylacetonate (Pt(acac) 2 ) in organic solution, Flanagan et al determined the solubility, density, and activity coefficients in various solvent mixtures using thermogravimetric analysis with coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Guo-Min Yu and co-workers investigated the solubility of phosphorus-based flame-retardants in liquid mixtures in order to determine, among other properties, activity coefficients using the Scatchard–Hildebrand activity coefficient model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Thermogravimetric Determination of Activity Coefficients and Binary Diffusion Coefficients—A New Approach Applied to Ferrocene/n-Tetracosane Mixtures

Lau

Atakan

2019

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The use of isothermal thermogravimetry is investigated for combined measurements of activity coefficients and diffusion coefficients in binary mixtures, where the vapor pressure is dominated by one compound. The coupling of evaporation with gas phase and condensed phase diffusion leads to an unsteady mass loss, which depends on the activity coefficient and both, gas phase and condensed phase, diffusion coefficients, as is explained. This can be used to measure two of these properties, if the remaining parameters are known. This concept is evaluated for the ferrocene/n-tetracosane system. The former is a flame-retardant, and the latter was regarded as a substitute for a polymer, with simpler behavior. Between 341 and 399 K, the activity coefficient for ferrocene is measured to drop from above 3 to values near 1, while the diffusion coefficients are weakly temperature dependent, with values around 2 × 10–9/m2·s–1. In addition, the vapor pressures of the two pure substances were re-evaluated for this temperature range. This relatively simple method seems to be useful for the determination of such properties of other flame-retardant-related systems.

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“…7,8 Drugs such as fluconazole and itraconazole are notable examples of antifungal molecules possessing the triazole nucleus. In view of the above and considering the fact that ionic liquids have been used as eco-friendly catalysts as well as solvents in organic synthesis, [9][10][11][12][13] it was thought worthwhile to utilize the catalytic potential of 1-nbutyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF 4 ) in the synthesis of tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo [5,1-b]quinazolin-8(4H)-ones and dihydro-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Although different strategies have been employed for the synthesis of these compounds, [14][15][16][17][18] these methods suffer from drawbacks such as long reaction times, cumbersome isolation of the products and harsh reaction conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%