A deterministic-empirical model of the effect of the capillary fringe on near-stream area runoff 1. Description of the model

Jayatilaka, C. J.; Gillham, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(95)02985-0

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Process. 17, 1213-1225(2003 the surface and a low-magnitude rainstorm will cause an immediate rise in the groundwater table (Germann, 1990;Jayatilaka and Gillham, 1996). Figure 6 shows that there is no delay in the groundwater table rise after the start of the rainfall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The hydrology of inland valleys in the sub‐humid zone of West Africa: rainfall‐runoff processes in the M'bé experimental watershed

Masiyandima

Giesen

Diatta

et al. 2003

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Inland valleys with wet lowlands are an important water source for farming communities in the sub-humid zone of West Africa. An inland valley and surrounding contributing watershed area located in the sub-humid zone near M'bé in central Côte d'Ivoire was instrumented to study surface runoff and base flow mechanisms. Four flumes at different distances down the main stream and more than 100 piezometers were installed. Measurements were taken during two rainfall seasons in 1998 and 1999. Under initial wet conditions, a typical single-peak hydrograph was observed. Under low antecedent moisture conditions, however, runoff was characterized by a double-peaked hydrograph. The first peak, which occurred during the storm, was caused by rain falling on the saturated valley bottom. The second peak was delayed by minutes to hours from the first peak and consisted of rain flowing via the subsurface of the hydromorphic zone that surrounds the valley bottom. The duration of the delay was a function of the water table depth in the hydromorphic zone before the storm. The volume of the second peak constituted the largest portion of the stream flow.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The hydrology of inland valleys in the sub‐humid zone of West Africa: rainfall‐runoff processes in the M'bé experimental watershed

Masiyandima

Giesen

Diatta

et al. 2003

Hydrological Processes

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“…In an Arctic watershed a two-component runoff system derived from chemical separations of storm hydrographs well agreed with graphical separation techniques applied at recession curves (McNamara et al, 1997). Based on such experimental results, runoff generating processes were described in simulation models, for instance, groundwater ridging by HECNAR (Jayatilaka and Gillham, 1996) and runoff processes on the basin-scale by topographically based simulations such as TOPMODEL (e.g. Güntner et al, 1999) and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigating mechanisms of stormflow generation by natural tracers and hydrometric data: a small catchment study in the Black Forest, Germany

Hangen

Lindenlaub

Leibundgut

et al. 2001

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:The importance and interaction of various hydrological pathways and identification of runoff source areas involved in solute transport are still under considerable debate in catchment hydrology. To reveal stormflow generating areas and flow paths, hydrometric behaviour of throughfall, soil water from various depths, runoff, and respective concentrations of the environmental tracers 18 O, Si, K, SO 4 and dissolved organic carbon were monitored for a 14-week period in a steep headwater catchment in the Black Forest Mountains, Germany.Two stormflow hydrographs were selected and, based on 18 O and Si, chemically separated into three flow components. Their sources were defined using mixing diagrams. Additional information about stormflow generating mechanisms was derived from recession analyses of the basin's complete 5-year hydrograph record. By providing insight into storage properties and residence times of outflowing reservoirs of the basin, recession analysis proved to be a valuable tool in runoff model conceptualization. Its results agreed well with hydrometric and hydrochemical data. Supported by evaluation of 30 hillslope soil profiles a coherent concept of stormflow generation could be derived: whereas in many steeply sloped basins in the temperate region soil water from hillslopes appears to have an immediate effect on the shape of the stormflow hydrograph, its role at this basin is basically restricted to the recharge of the groundwater reservoir in the near-channel area. Storm hydrograph peaks appear to be derived from a small direct runoff component supplemented by a fast delivery of baseflow from the groundwater reservoir in the valley bottom.

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“…These include regulating the runoff processes (Jayatilaka and Gillham 1996, Butturini et al 2002, Krause and Bronstert 2007, temporary water retention during flood events (Burt et al 2002, Chen andChen 2003) and attenuating the nutrient and pollutant loads through biogeochemical transformations (Andersen 2004, Vervier et al 2009). In recent years the flood-plain areas of many anthropized watersheds have been modified by changes in land use and more intensive farming, and this has greatly altered their water balance and hydrological and ecological functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the soil water balance in an alluvial flood plain with a shallow groundwater table

Pirastru

Niedda

2013

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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Many of the hydrological and ecological functions of alluvial flood plains within watersheds depend on the water flow exchanges between the vadoze soil zone and the shallow groundwater. The water balance of the soil in the flood plain is investigated, in order to evaluate the main hydrological processes that underlie the temporal dynamics of soil moisture and groundwater levels. The soil moisture and the groundwater level in the flood plain were monitored continuously for a three-year period. These data were integrated with the results derived from applying a physically-based numerical model which simulated the variably-saturated vertical water flow in the soil. The analysis indicated that the simultaneous processes of lateral groundwater flow and the vertical recharge from the unsaturated zone caused the observed water table fluctuations. The importance of these flows in determining the rises in the water table varied, depending on soil moisture and groundwater depth before precipitation. The monitoring period included two hydrological years (September 2009-September 2011. About 13% of the precipitation vertically recharged the groundwater in the first year and about 50% in the second. The difference in the two recharge coefficients was in part due to the lower groundwater levels in the recharge season of the first hydrological year, compared to those observed in the second. In the latter year, the shallow groundwater increased the soil moisture in the unsaturated zone due to capillary rise, and so the mean hydraulic conductivity of the unsaturated soil was high. This moisture state of soil favoured a more efficient conversion of infiltrated precipitation into vertical groundwater recharge. The results show that groundwater dynamics in the flood plain are an important source of temporal variability in soil moisture and vertical recharge processes, and this variability must be properly taken into account when the water balance is investigated in shallow groundwater environments.Key words soil water balance; groundwater recharge; lateral groundwater flow; 1D Richards model Evaluation du bilan hydrique du sol dans une plaine d'inondation alluviale avec une nappe phréatique peu profonde Résumé La plupart des fonctions hydrologiques et écologiques des plaines inondables alluviales des bassins versants dépendent des échanges entre la zone vadose et la nappe phréatique peu profonde. Nous avons étudié le bilan hydrique du sol dans la plaine d'inondation, afin d'évaluer les principaux processus hydrologiques qui sous-tendent la dynamique temporelle de l'humidité du sol et des eaux souterraines. L'humidité du sol et le niveau de la nappe phréatique de la plaine d'inondation ont été suivis en continu pendant une période de trois ans. Ces données ont été intégrées avec les résultats issus de l'application d'un modèle numérique à base physique simulant l'écoulement vertical de l'eau dans la zone du sol à saturation variable. L'analyse a montré que les processus simultanés de l'écoulement souterrain latéral et de la...

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A deterministic-empirical model of the effect of the capillary fringe on near-stream area runoff 1. Description of the model

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

The hydrology of inland valleys in the sub‐humid zone of West Africa: rainfall‐runoff processes in the M'bé experimental watershed

The hydrology of inland valleys in the sub‐humid zone of West Africa: rainfall‐runoff processes in the M'bé experimental watershed

Investigating mechanisms of stormflow generation by natural tracers and hydrometric data: a small catchment study in the Black Forest, Germany

Evaluation of the soil water balance in an alluvial flood plain with a shallow groundwater table

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