A Developmental Social Neuroscience Model for Understanding Pathways to Substance Use Disorders During Adolescence

Poor response inhibition and peer victimization: A neurocognitive ecophenotype of risk for adolescent interpersonal aggression.

“…Intervention efforts to improve interpersonal difficulties among adolescents would highly benefit from targeted neurocognitive strategies aimed at managing inhibitory control or impulsivity (Conrod, Topper, O’Leary Barrett, & Afzali, 2018), and school-level changes that promote more empathy toward disinhibited children, instead of relying only on the traditional intervention programs that promote building empathy in bullies or encourage children to stand up to bullying (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2011). Our findings also suggest that interventions designed to effectively increase cognitive and behavioral coping strategies to manage hostile automatic thoughts, and to build a positive and strong self-esteem in the face of victimization (e.g., reframing the meaning of the event) might lead to better outcomes for disinhibited youth (Conrod et al, 2018; Edalati et al, 2018). Victimized adolescents may particularly benefit from intervention programs, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, which identify and restructure their negative and hostile automatic thoughts about self and others (O’Leary-Barrett et al, 2013; Taylor & Montgomery, 2007).…”

“…A number of theories of pathological behaviors have proposed an ecophenotype conceptualization model to explain vulnerability in which the interplay between biological predispositions and environmental adverse experiences is critical in the emergence of distinct subtypes of psychopathologies (e.g., Conrod & Nikolaou, 2016; Edalati, Doucet, & Conrod, 2018; Edalati & Krank, 2016; Teicher & Samson, 2013; Veenema, 2009). With regards to the aggressive and antisocial behaviors, it appears that the interaction between biological predisposition in prefrontal cortex (PFC)-related functions (e.g., inhibitory control) and environmental adverse experiences, such as conditions that might promote exposure to victimization, plays a key role in the emergence of specific subtype or an “ecophenotype” (Rioux, Castellanos-Ryan, Parent, & Seguin, 2016; Veenema, 2009).…”

“…In addition, a low self-esteem has a robust relationship with externalizing problems such as aggression, delinquency, and antisocial behavior in adolescents (Donnellan et al, 2005); this relation holds both cross-sectionally and longitudinally and regardless of important confounding factors such as narcissism, supportive parenting, achievement-test scores, parent–child and peer relationships, IQ, and socioeconomic status (SES; Donnellan et al, 2005). Negative views about self and others have also been observed in victimized adolescents (see a meta-analysis review; Tsaousis, 2016, and a social neuroscience model; Edalati et al, 2018). The desire to be accepted by peer group and to avoid social rejection may also drive victimized adolescents toward deviant peer groups in which the aggressive behavior is central to peer acceptance.…”

Cannabis Use: Prevalence and Correlates Among the Inpatients of First Episode Psychosis at Combined Military Hospital, Lahore

“…Pros-pective epidemiological studies have consistently reported that use of cannabis in younger age group increases the risk of schizophrenia-like psychosis; onset age of psychosis is reduced, as well 5,6 . A popular idea suggested that immature brain might be the reason behind increased susceptibility to adverse effects of cannabis 7 .…”

Factores asociados a la práctica de actividad física, alimentación y otros hábitos relacionados con la salud en adolescentes de la provincia de Valladolid

“…La probabilidad de desarrollo de trastorno por consumo de sustancias en la infancia y adolescencia se ve influenciada por factores biológicos, como los genes y la etapa del desarrollo en que se encuentra la persona; y ambientales, teniendo en cuenta factores relacionados con el hogar, la familia, la escuela y el vecindario (Tabla 5) (228,230,231). Además, los individuos que crecen en un ambiente desfavorable y adverso son más propensos a desarrollar un concepto negativo de sí mismos, lo que contribuye aún más a la vulnerabilidad a los factores ambientales (231). Por otro lado, la percepción del riesgo es un indicador indirecto de la evolución del consumo de sustancias, de manera que un adolescente que presente mayor percepción del riesgo presentará menor frecuencia e intensidad de consumo, y viceversa (232).…”