A Devonian predatory fish provides insights into the early evolution of modern sarcopterygians

Lü, Jing; Zhu, Min; Ahlberg, Per; Qiao, Tuo; Yuanlin, Zhu; Zhao, Wei; Jia, Liantao

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1600154

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…72a), OsteolepiforJes (Eusthenopteron foordi, Jarvik, 1972, fig. 72b) and Actinistia (Latimeria), and the recent endocast of the onychodont Qingmenodus also displays ventral extension of the hypophysis (Lu et al, 2016). This potentially indicates that this feature was present in the coJJon ancestor of Dipnorhynchus and these species.…”

Section: Diencephalonmentioning

confidence: 90%

The cranial endocast of the Upper Devonian dipnoan Chirodipterus australis

Henderson

Challands

2018

Preprint

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One of the first endocasts of a dipnoan (lungfish) to be realised was that of the Upper Devonian taxon Chirodipterus australis. This early interpretation was based on observations of the shape of the cranial cavity alone and was not based on a natural cast or 'steinkern' nor from serial sectioning. The validity of this reconstruction is therefore Middle Devonian dipnoan taxa. Notably, the sJall utricular recess is unexpected for a taxon of this age, whereas the ventral expansion of the telencephalon is Jore typical of Jore derived taxa.The presence of such 'priJitive' characters in C. australis supports its relatively basal position as deJonstrated in the Jost recent phylogenies of Devonian Dipnoi.

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Section: Diencephalonmentioning

confidence: 90%

The cranial endocast of the Upper Devonian dipnoan Chirodipterus australis

Henderson

Challands

2018

Preprint

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“…Recently, rostral tubuli have also been found in the non‐Dipnoan taxa Gogonasus and Qingmenodus (Holland ; Lu et al . ).…”

Section: Osteichthyans (Bony Fish)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Electroreception in early vertebrates: survey, evidence and new information

King

Long

2018

Palaeontology

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Electroreception is widespread in living vertebrates, and is often considered to be a primitive vertebrate character. However, the early evolution of electroreception remains unclear. A variety of structures in early vertebrate fossils have been put forward as potential electroreceptors, but these need to be reassessed in light of the now substantial literature on electroreceptors in living vertebrates. Here we review the evidence for all putative electroreceptors in early vertebrates, and provide new information from CT scans. In the jawless osteostracans, the pore canal system in the dermal skeleton and the lateral and dorsal fields do not resemble electroreceptors in living species. Nevertheless, the presence of a recurrent ramus of the anterior lateral line nerve in osteostracans suggests that electroreceptors were present, by comparison with lampreys. In placoderms, cutaneous sense organs on arthrodire cheek plates are possible electroreceptors. CT data shows that the orientation of these pits is anomalous for electroreceptors, and intimately associated with bone growth. A newly identified type of cheek pit, for which the term 'Young's apparatus' is introduced, is known from only two arthrodire specimens. It is closely associated with the underlying jaw joint, but its precise function is unknown. In osteichthyans, the 'pore group' clusters of early sarcopterygians may have housed electroreceptors. CT data from Devonian lungfish support this interpretation, showing internal morphology consistent with electroreceptors, and innervation via the rostral tubuli underlying the dermal bone of the snout. The early osteichthyan Ligulalepis has pit structures which may be electroreceptors, and were possibly innervated by lateral line nerves. Specialized electroreceptor systems, including elaborated 'pore group' pits in Devonian lungfish and rostral organs in the earliest coelacanths, show that electroreception may have had an important role in niche specialization in early vertebrates. Finally, fossil data does not support the hypothesis that vertebrate hard tissues initially evolved to shield electroreceptors.

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“…The differences in character representation between MP and 3ta cause significant differences in the way homoplasy and error are managed, and finally on the resulting cladogram. MP with a fully unordered coding is used in many phylogenetic studies on morphological datasets, especially in paleontology (e.g., Liu, 2016;Lu et al, 2016). Model-based approaches such as Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference are not treated in this paper because they are computationally much more demanding and would have necessitated reducing the number of taxa and characters, which would probably have decreased the statistical significance of our results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of errors on cladistic inference: simulation-based comparison between parsimony and three-taxon analysis

Rineau

Bagils

Laurin

2018

CTOZ

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Simulation-based and experimental studies are crucial to produce factual arguments to solve theoretical and methodological debates in phylogenetics. However, despite the large number of works that tested the relative efficiency of phylogenetic methods with various evolutionary models, the capacity of methods to manage various sources of error and homoplasy has almost never been studied. By applying ordered and unordered methods to datasets with iterative addition of errors in the ordering scheme, we show that unordered coding in parsimony is not a more cautious option. A second debate concerns how to handle reversals, especially when they are regarded as possible synapomorphies. By comparing analyses of reversible and irreversible characters, we show empirically that three-taxon analysis (3ta) manages reversals better than parsimony. For Brownian motion data, we highlight that 3ta is also more efficient than parsimony in managing random errors, which might result from taphonomic problems or any homoplasy generating events that do not follow the dichotomy reversal/ convergence, such as lateral gene transfer. We show parsimony to be more efficient with numerous character states (more than four), and 3ta to be more efficient with binary characters, both methods being equally efficient with four states per character. We finally compare methods using two empirical cases of known evolution.

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A Devonian predatory fish provides insights into the early evolution of modern sarcopterygians

Abstract: A 409-million-year-old predatory fish provides unique insights into the early evolution of modern lobe-finned fishes.

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

The cranial endocast of the Upper Devonian dipnoan Chirodipterus australis

The cranial endocast of the Upper Devonian dipnoan Chirodipterus australis

Electroreception in early vertebrates: survey, evidence and new information

Impact of errors on cladistic inference: simulation-based comparison between parsimony and three-taxon analysis

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