A diagnosis of existing logging bans in Bangladesh

Sarker, Swapan Kumar; Deb, Jiban Chandra; Halim, M. Arief Rahman

doi:10.1505/146554811798811344

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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Section: Climate Change Impacts On Tropical Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately half of the tropical forests disappeared in the past few decades, and peak deforestation during the 1990s was as high as 152,000 km 2 per year (Bonan 2008;Gibbs et al 2010;Sarker et al 2011). Tropical forests are at high risk due to deforestation and degradation, and the more insidious threat of accelerating climate change (Deikumah et al 2014;Laurance 2004;Malhi & Phillips 2005;Sarker et al 2011). The effect of forest fragmentation in tropical ecosystems can be altered in diverse ways, from local scale (e.g., increased tree mortality, canopy-gap dynamics, plant community composition, biomass dynamics and carbon storage) to regional scale (e.g., consequences for atmospheric circulation, water cycling and precipitation) (Laurance 2004).…”

Section: Climate Change Impacts On Tropical Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the 13 genera in South and Southeast Asia, the Shorea and Dipterocarpus are the first and third most diverse genera, respectively, and are important components of Dipterocarp forest ecosystems (Soepadmo et al 2004). While most of the species of these two genera are currently listed as threatened in different categories (i.e., 109 and 34 critically endangered species for Shorea and Dipterocarpus respectively), and at least one species from each genus is now regionally extinct (Shorea cuspidata Sal is a timber-yielding dominant tree that occurs commonly on the plains and lower foothills of the Several Asian countries, including Thailand, Philippines, China, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Bangladesh, have imposed logging bans to halt deforestation and conserve forest resources (Sarker et al 2011). However, the trend of deforestation and associated biodiversity loss has called into question the effectiveness of these bans, and factors such as lack of effective conservation policies and accounting for climate risks also hinder the success of forest conservation and restoration (Sarker et al 2011).…”

Section: ; Corlett and Lafrankie Jr 1998)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tropical forests are some of the most diverse ecosystems on earth (Chave 2008;Gentry 1992;Malhi & Phillips 2004;Sarker et al 2011). However, they are now under unprecedented threat from deforestation and degradation and accelerating climate change (Malhi & Phillips 2004 square kilometres per year (Hansen et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in climate and climate extremes are likely to impact the diverse forests of tropical Asia, and it has been predicted that Asia could lose three quarters of its original forests, and half of its biodiversity, by 2100 (Sodhi et al 2004). In tropical Asia, most of the forests are degraded and fragmented due to widespread conversion of forests for agriculture (Ashton et al 2014;Goldewijk 2001;Sarker et al 2011). As a result, tropical Asian forests are highly vulnerable to climate change (IPCC 2014;Laurance 2004;Sodhi et al 2010), and understanding its impacts on tropical Asian forests is a priority for their conservation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Species Vulnerability to Climate Change in Tropical Asia: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management

Deb¹

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Global climate change is significantly altering the large scale distributions of plants and animals.The Earth has warmed by 0.7°C during the last century. The consequences are already apparent in forest ecosystems as species are responding to the changing climate with shifts in their phenology and geographic distributions. The potential for large increases in global mean temperatures (e.g., 4.3 ± 0.7°C) by 2100 has significant implications for forest species and ecosystems. Under these varying climatic conditions, some species may go extinct either locally or regionally, with climate change acting synergistically with other extinction drivers. Tropical Asian forests contain several biodiversity hotspots and species-rich ecoregions. Our understanding of species' and forest ecosystems' vulnerability to global climate change in this region is limited. Addressing this problem is a critical task for current tropical Asian ecological research. iii I developed habitat suitability models for the four large threatened mammals (Asiatic black bear, Asian elephant, Western hoolock gibbon and Bengal tiger), across their entire distributions in Asia.The results suggest that changes in annual precipitation, annual mean temperature, precipitation and temperature seasonality, and land use/land cover change could reduce suitable habitat for these large mammals and therefore increase their extinction risks. It can be concluded that increasing climate stress on tropical forests could lead to greater extinction risks of these threatened large mammals.The findings of this thesis provide a fundamental basis for further studies of climate change impacts on species distribution in tropical Asia, and highlight the conservation importance of the plant and animal species in the region. The modelling outputs can be used to categorize the natural habitats of Sal, Garjan and Teak as low to high risk under changing climates to inform conservation planning and forest management. Given the conservation importance of the threatened large mammals for maintaining a healthy forest ecosystem, the findings of the models can be used to categorize the likely suitable habitats under changing climates and preparing proper guidelines to reduce their extinction risks. To ensure wider applicability to conservation planning for species vulnerable to global climate change, the methods and analyses presented here for tropical Asia could be applied to other tropical regions (i.e., in Africa and the Americas), using different species groups and forest types.iv

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Section: Climate Change Impacts On Tropical Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climate Change Impacts On Tropical Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ; Corlett and Lafrankie Jr 1998)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Species Vulnerability to Climate Change in Tropical Asia: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management

Deb¹

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The impact of climate change on the distribution of two threatened Dipterocarp trees

Deb

Phinn

Butt

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

101

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Two ecologically and economically important, and threatened Dipterocarp trees Sal (Shorea robusta) and Garjan (Dipterocarpus turbinatus) form mono‐specific canopies in dry deciduous, moist deciduous, evergreen, and semievergreen forests across South Asia and continental parts of Southeast Asia. They provide valuable timber and play an important role in the economy of many Asian countries. However, both Dipterocarp trees are threatened by continuing forest clearing, habitat alteration, and global climate change. While climatic regimes in the Asian tropics are changing, research on climate change‐driven shifts in the distribution of tropical Asian trees is limited. We applied a bioclimatic modeling approach to these two Dipterocarp trees Sal and Garjan. We used presence‐only records for the tree species, five bioclimatic variables, and selected two climatic scenarios (RCP4.5: an optimistic scenario and RCP8.5: a pessimistic scenario) and three global climate models (GCMs) to encompass the full range of variation in the models. We modeled climate space suitability for both species, projected to 2070, using a climate envelope modeling tool “MaxEnt” (the maximum entropy algorithm). Annual precipitation was the key bioclimatic variable in all GCMs for explaining the current and future distributions of Sal and Garjan (Sal: 49.97 ± 1.33; Garjan: 37.63 ± 1.19). Our models predict that suitable climate space for Sal will decline by 24% and 34% (the mean of the three GCMs) by 2070 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. In contrast, the consequences of imminent climate change appear less severe for Garjan, with a decline of 17% and 27% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. The findings of this study can be used to set conservation guidelines for Sal and Garjan by identifying vulnerable habitats in the region. In addition, the natural habitats of Sal and Garjan can be categorized as low to high risk under changing climates where artificial regeneration should be undertaken for forest restoration.

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Informal Institutional Responses to Government Interventions: Lessons from Madhupur National Park, Bangladesh

Rahman

Sarker

Hickey

et al. 2014

Environmental Management

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Madhupur National Park is renowned for severe resource ownership conflicts between ethnic communities and government authorities in Bangladesh. In this study, we applied the Institutional Analysis and Development framework to identify: (i) past and present informal institutional structures within the ethnic Garo community for land resource management; (ii) the origin of the land ownership dispute; (iii) interaction mechanisms between formal and informal institutions; and (iv) change in land management authority and informal governance structures. We identify that the informal institutions of the traditional community have undergone radical change due to government interventions with implications for the regulation of land use, informal institutional functions, and joint-decision-making. Importantly, the government's persistent denial of the role of existing informal institutions is widening the gap between government and community actors, and driving land ownership conflicts in a cyclic way with associated natural resource degradation.

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A diagnosis of existing logging bans in Bangladesh

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Assessing Species Vulnerability to Climate Change in Tropical Asia: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management

Assessing Species Vulnerability to Climate Change in Tropical Asia: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management

The impact of climate change on the distribution of two threatened Dipterocarp trees

Informal Institutional Responses to Government Interventions: Lessons from Madhupur National Park, Bangladesh

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