A diagnostic method for assessing regional variations in crop yield

Doré, Thierry; Sébillotte, Michel; Meynard, Jean-Marc

doi:10.1016/s0308-521x(96)00084-4

Cited by 98 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We need to be able to characterize AM fungi and mycorrhizae as easily as soil richness in terms of exchangeable cations. This may permit AM fungi characterization to be integrated with an agronomic diagnosis approach (Doré et al 1997). This would help us to discern when low mycorrhizal development leads to low production.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cropping systems

Plenchette¹,

Clermont-Dauphin²,

Meynard³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

176

111

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Plencette, C., Clermont-Dauphin, C., Meynard, J. M. and Fortin, J. A. 2005. Managing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cropping systems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85: 31-40. Market globalization, demographic pressure, and environmental degradation have led us to reconsider many of our current agricultural systems. The heavy use of chemical inputs, including fertilizers and pesticides, has resulted in pollution, decreased biodiversity in intensively-farmed regions, degradation of fragile agro-ecosystems, and prohibitive costs for many farmers. Low input sustainable cropping systems should replace conventional agriculture, but this requires a more comprehensive understanding of the biological interactions within agro-ecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi appear to be the most important telluric organisms to consider. Mycorrhizae, which result from a symbiosis between these fungi and plant roots, are directly involved in plant mineral nutrition, the control of plant pathogens, and drought tolerance. Most horticultural and crop plants are symbiotic with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal literature is abundant, showing that stimulation of plant growth can be mainly attributed to improved phosphorous nutrition. Although the mycorrhizal potential of its symbiosis to improve crop production is widely recognized, it is not implemented in agricultural systems. There is an urgent need to improve and widely apply analytical methods to evaluate characteristics such as, relative field mycorrhizal dependency, soil mycorrhizal infectivity, and mycorrhizal receptivity of soil. Decreased use of fertilizers, pesticides, and tillage will favour arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, shifting from one system to a more sustainable one is not easy since all components of the cropping system are closely linked. Different cases, from actual agricultural practices in different countries, are analyzed to highlight situations in which mycorrhizae might or might not play a role in developing more sustainable agriculture. Key words:Cropping systems, mycorrhizae, sustainability, technical itineraries, rotation Plencette, C., Clermont-Dauphin, C., Meynard, J. M. et Fortin, J. A. 2005. Gestion des champignons mycorchiziens a arbuscules dans les systemes de culture. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85: 31-40. La globalisation mondiale du marché, la pression démographique et la dégradation de l'environnement ont, dans plusieurs parties du monde, mené à une réévaluation des systèmes agricoles actuels. Les modifications de l'environnement montrent que l'utilisation des engrais et des pesticides a atteint ses limites : pollution et perte de biodiversité dans les régions d'agriculture intensive, dégradation des systèmes agricoles les plus fragiles, coûts prohibitifs pour les producteurs les plus pauvres. L'agriculture conventionnelle doit s'orienter vers des pratiques plus durables, mais les systèmes de culture durable à faibles intrants ne pourront être viables que par une meilleure connaissance et maîtrise des interactions biologiques dans ces agro-systèmes. Les champign...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cropping systems

Plenchette¹,

Clermont-Dauphin²,

Meynard³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

176

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The question of the leeway individual farmers have in the situation they face has been addressed frequently (McCown, 2002), especially in the case of crop and fruit production (e.g. Doré et al, 1997;Aubry et al, 1998;Navarrete et al, 2006). Some authors have suggested that this approach is also appropriate for animal production (Bé ranger and Vissac, 1994), and several studies have addressed the question in terms of flexibility in work organization or allocation of grazing at the farm level (Colé no and Duru, 1999;Rapey et al, 2001;Girard et al, 2008;Madelrieux et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of the inscription of local breeds in protected designation of origin cow cheese specifications for the genetic management of the herds

Lambert-Derkimba

Minery

Barbat

et al. 2010

Animal

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In the mountainous areas of Europe with a humid climate, dairy cattle production is a major agricultural activity, and the milk is often processed into cheese according to protected designation of origin (PDO) specifications. We analyzed the extent to which PDO specifications and/or a mountain environment influence the spatial distribution of estimated breeding values (EBVs) of cows and the herd-year effects (HYEs) for milk yield (kg/lactation) and protein and fat contents (g/kg), as well as lactation ranks and calving months. The study focused on the northern French Alps. A total of 37 023 lactations, recorded in 2006, in 1153 herds were analyzed. The cows belonged to the Montbé liarde (21 516 lactations), Abondance (10 346 lactations) and Tarentaise (5161 lactations) breeds. The two factors of variation considered were the status of the commune where the farm was located in relation to PDO (three categories: area with no PDO, area with a PDO with no milk yield limit, area with a PDO with a milk yield limit) and 'mountain' environment (four categories based on the European regulation: plain, piedmont, mountain and high mountain). In the Abondance breed, the average lactation rank increased with an increase in production constraints due to the PDO or to a mountain environment. In the Abondance and Tarentaise breeds, grouping of calving in winter was most marked in the 'PDO with a milk yield limit' and 'high-mountain' categories. In the Tarentaise breed, no significant effect on any trait and any variable was found in the 'PDO' or 'mountain' categories. In the other two breeds, the average EBV for milk yield decreased with an increase in the constraints due to PDO, with differences of 226 and 93 kg between extreme values in the Abondance and Montbé liarde breeds, respectively. The average HYE for milk yield was higher in the Abondance breed in the 'PDO with no milk yield limit' category than in the other categories (1740 and 11110 kg, respectively); HYE was not affected by the 'PDO' factor in the Montbé liarde breed or by the 'mountain' factor in either breed. Concerning the protein and fat contents, the effect of the 'PDO' and 'mountain' factors depended on the trait, the variable and the breed. The proportion of individual decisions (the farmer makes the decision) v. collective decisions (breed management) concerning herd dynamics in the face of existing constraints is discussed.

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“…These assessments may well be useful for planning strategies for yield improvement on the broad scale but potentially less relevant at the farm level unless followed up by local diagnosis of limiting factors (Dore et al 1997(Dore et al , 2008Siddique et al 2012. The potential errors associated with such methods have been outlined by Neumann et al (2010).…”

Section: Estimation Of Potential Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This gives farmers some scope to adjust management according to seasonal conditions and available resources. Identifying the factors most likely to be limiting in any particular paddock by objective means (diagnostic research as reported in Dore et al 1997Dore et al , 2008Anderson et al 2014;Sharma and Anderson 2014) suggests a hierarchy of practices that can be tested and applied according to available resources, perceived risk and farmer convenience. An example is given in Table 2 for two farm sites where both zero tillage and partial stubble retention were standard practices in mixed farming systems based on barley, canola, oats, pasture and grazing by sheep.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the yield gap in rainfed crops: a review

Anderson

Johansen

Siddique

2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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The problems and challenges of rapidly increasing world population, global climate change, shortages of water suitable for irrigation and degradation of agricultural land are increasing the demand to improve grain production from rainfed arable lands. Specific challenges include estimating the size and thus the value of the yield gap, identifying the factors limiting current average production and designing profitable remedial strategies for a range of agro-ecological regions. This review of the rainfall-limited potential yields and the gap between actual or average yields of cereal and legume crops and the rainfall-limited potential indicates that there is still substantial room to increase the average yield of crops in rainfed systems in both developed and developing regions. The review has indicated that (1) the size of the gap between average and potential yields varies according to the agro-ecological zone and the available technologies from about 0.5 to over 5 t/ha, leaving considerable scope for future yield improvement; (2) there is relatively less information applicable at the farm or field scale that assesses the spatial and temporal variability of the yield gap, the reasons for the gap and the possible methods to close the gap; (3) there is also limited information on the feasibility and profitability of applying various approaches to close the gap, including tactical and strategic management practices and plant breeding; (4) the evidence of the impact of the components of conservation agriculture on crop yields in a wide range of agro-ecological regions supports the adoption of zero tillage and crop rotation but is less clear in support of residue retention; (5) objective identification and testing of factors that limit production can lead to a rational sequence of amelioration that is specific to each agro-ecological or field situation and can close the yield gap in winter-dominant rainfall environments; and (6) farmerparticipatory varietal selection, including breeding for specific adaptation can make a substantial contribution to closing the gap in a range of environments. A common observation from the reports reviewed here is that sustainable yield improvement will need to employ a range of methods that are appropriate to specific agro-ecological conditions-previous approaches based on single inputs, practices or genotypes can only be partial solutions.

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A diagnostic method for assessing regional variations in crop yield

Cited by 98 publications

References 24 publications

Managing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cropping systems

Managing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cropping systems

Consequences of the inscription of local breeds in protected designation of origin cow cheese specifications for the genetic management of the herds

Addressing the yield gap in rainfed crops: a review

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