A differential pulse polarographic examination of the 1,4-benzodiazepines

Brooks, Marvin A.; Bruno, John J.; Silva, J.A.F. De; Hackman, M.R.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)95788-5

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…7 s L-dopa (dihydroxyphenylalanine) can be determined using similar methods. 76 Other examples include a coulometric analysis of nucleotides, 77 polarographic analysis of sodium pentothal, 78 and a polarographic determination of pyrithioxine. 79 voltammetry is useful for biological samples occur when the species of interest is the only significant electroactive species at a particular potential.…”

Section: Electrochemical Analysis Of Biological Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioelectrochemistry: An Examination of Some Examples

McCreery¹,

Wilson²

1978

C R C Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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Section: Electrochemical Analysis Of Biological Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioelectrochemistry: An Examination of Some Examples

McCreery¹,

Wilson²

1978

C R C Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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“…Early work focused on direct techniques such as classical and differential pulse polarography, the latter procedure being sensitive enough for determination of the drugs at levels down to 10 -7 mol L -1 [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]. The wide use of such drugs in recent years has, however, made necessary the analysis of benzodiazepines not only in pharmaceutical preparations but also in biological fluids, and there is a growing demand for determination of very low concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Square-wave voltammetric techniques for determination of psychoactive 1,4-benzodiazepine drugs

Santos¹,

Famila²,

Gonçalves³

2002

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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Direct square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and square-wave cathodic stripping voltammetry (SWCSV) at hanging mercury drop electrodes have been developed for determination of the psychoactive 1,4-benzodiazepine compounds clonazepam, bromazepam, midazolam, diazepam, medazepam, and flurazepam over a wide range of concentrations. Analysis was performed with better precision, lower detection limits, and much more rapidly than by previously reported voltammetric techniques. The applicability of both procedures is discussed. The methods were applied to the analysis of commercially available tablets with minimum sample manipulation. The accuracy of the results was accessed by comparison with those obtained by use of the methods described in official pharmacopoeias. A critical comparison with those procedures is also presented.

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“…These compounds are easily reduced at a mercury electrode through the two-electron reduction of the 4-5-azomethine functional group [6], and so polarographic analysis of 1,4-benzodiazepines in body¯uids and pharmaceutical formulations are well documented [7,8]. These drugs can also be adsorbed on the hanging mercury drop electrode at potentials more positive than the reduction potentials and then determined by adsorptive stripping voltammetry [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Voltammetric Study of the Complexation of Copper by the Psychoactive Compounds 1,4-Benzodiazepines

2000

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Complexation of copper ions with the 1,4-benzodiazepines bromazepam, midazolam and chlordiazepoxide is investigated using voltammetric methods, mainly differential pulse polarography in KNO 3 0.10 M and pH 7.0 + 0.1. Additional evidence of the complexation of copper was obtained by an UV-spectrophotometric study. Reduction of the metal ion as well as that of the ligands followed and the voltammetric behavior was interpreted in terms of complex formation. Stability constants have been determined for the experimental conditions used and the values were compared with those from the spectrophotometric study. The results show that copper(II) complexation is favored by the presence of chelating groups other than the azomethine group common to all the 1,4-benzodiazepines. It is also apparent that in some circumstances copper in the +1 oxidation state may be stabilized by complex formation. This result could only be inferred from the voltammetric data since in the presence of appropriate ligands the copper(I) oxidation state is produced electrochemically at the electrode/solution interface. The processes studied may help in understanding some of the features of the binding mechanisms between copper ion and the 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives.

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A differential pulse polarographic examination of the 1,4-benzodiazepines

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Bioelectrochemistry: An Examination of Some Examples

Bioelectrochemistry: An Examination of Some Examples

Square-wave voltammetric techniques for determination of psychoactive 1,4-benzodiazepine drugs

A Voltammetric Study of the Complexation of Copper by the Psychoactive Compounds 1,4-Benzodiazepines

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