A Diffusion Limited Model That Accurately Predicts the NOx Emissions From Gas Turbine Combustors Including the Use of Nitrogen Containing Fuels

Hung, W. S. Y.

doi:10.1115/1.3446170

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The first disclosure of the model was made in 1975 (Hung, 1975a). It was later extended to include the effect of fuel bound nitrogen (Hung, 1976). It is known as the diffusion limited mixing model and is applicable for all conventional gas turbine combustion systems.…”

Section: No2 Emission Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Custom Ambient NOx Correction Equation for a Mars SoLoNOx Gas Turbine

Hung¹,

Fahme²,

Kubasco³

1994

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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The United States federal new source performance standards (NSPS) for stationary gas turbines contain NO, limits that are standardized based on the International Standards Organization (ISO) standard for ambient conditions. The measured NO, emissions from stationary gas turbines at test conditions are to be corrected to ISO standard ambient conditions using a recommended equation, which was developed using data from conventional (diffusion flame) combustion systems. It is geneanly expected that this correction equation will require a revision when advanced lean premixed or hybrid combustion system is utilized.At the site of the first Mars 1005 SoLoNO, gas turbine, a continuous emissions and gas turbine performance data gathering system has been installed. From the data gathered, the nonapplicability of this NO, ambient correction equation is demonstrated. This points to the need to develop a custom NO, ambient correction equation for gas turbines with an advanced lean premixed system.Using a proven NO, model, the humidity effect on NO, emissions from an advanced lean premixed system is determined to be much stronger than that for a conventional combustion system. The humidity effect was determined based on an engineering application of the NO, model. Through statistical analyses, this stronger humidity effect is supported by more than one thousand five hundred data points gathered over a eight-month period at the above customer's site, covering an ambient temperature range over 100°F (56°C). Using this newly determined humidity effect and a least-square curve fit of the data, a custom NO, ambient correction equation has been developed for this prototype Man SoLoNO, gas turbine.

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Section: No2 Emission Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Custom Ambient NOx Correction Equation for a Mars SoLoNOx Gas Turbine

Hung¹,

Fahme²,

Kubasco³

1994

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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“…Consequently, let us utilize an analytical model that requires no experimental data. Among various analytical models proposed so far, a model by Hung (1975 and1976) whose accuracy has been verified by using laboratory data and field test results, is assumed to be utilized in this study.…”

Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of thermal NOx emission characteristics of high efficiency gas turbines using refuse-recovered low BTU gases

Pak

Suzuki

1989

Int. J. Energy Res.

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The paper evaluates thermal NOx formation characteristics of high efficiency gas turbines using refuse‐recovered low Btu gases. First, an estimation model of nitric oxide (NO) formation density for the gas turbine is constructed by revising a model proposed by W. S. Y. Hung. Next, taking a gas turbine burning high Btu gas with a turbine inlet temperature of 1273 K as a reference case, its NO emission density is estimated. Parametric analyses are done on the parameters that greatly affect the NO formation characteristics for the reference gas turbine, and it is shown that there is a limit to the possible NO density reduction by only controlling these parameters. Thirdly, the effects on the NO density of increasing gas turbine efficiency, by incorporating a regenerator or by raising turbine inlet temperature, are investigated. It is shown that the NO density of a gas turbine with a high efficiency is estimated to be higher than the assumed environmental quality standard (EQS) value. Finally, by utilizing these results, the cases are investigated where refuse‐recovered low Btu fuels such as pyrolysis gas from municipal refuse are used. It is shown that the NO densities in these cases are estimated to be notably lower than the EQS value. Further, it is demonstrated that the use of low Btu fuel does not necessarily assure a low NO density, since the NO density is not determined only by the heating value of the fuel.

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“…Extensive work has been done by Hung [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] on predicting and reducing emissions from gas turbines. His publications state that too much emphasis has been placed on modeling chemical kinetics and not enough on the physical processes of combustion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The internal fluid flow field and the fuel distribution in the combustor were included. NOx formation in this model was based on finite-rate reaction kinetics and the widely accepted Zeldovich mechanism [4]. Subsequent revisions to the model incorporated the effects of ambient humidity [3,7] and temperature [7], water injection to reduce NO x [3,7], synthetic coal gas combustion [6] and fuels containing nitrogen [4] in the combustor.…”

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confidence: 99%

One-Dimensional Predictive Emission Monitoring Model for Gas Turbine Combustors

Botros

Boer

Price

et al. 1997

Volume 4: Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Ceramics; Structures and Dynamics; Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation;

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Current predictive emission monitoring (PEM) techniques are briefly reviewed and the concept for a general predictive model was favorably evaluated. Utilizing the commercial process simulation software ASPEN PLUS®, a one dimensional model based on fundamental principles of gas turbine thermodynamics and combustion processes was constructed. Employing a set of 22 reactions including the Zeldovich mechanism, the model predicted for thermal NOx formation. It accounted for combustor geometry, dilution air injection along the combustor annulus, convective heat transfer across the liner, flame length, and full-load inlet flows. The combustor was subdivided into slices, each of which was modeled by a plug flow reactor, giving insight into profiles of NOx formation, species concentration and temperature along the combustor’s length, as well as quantifying the residence time in the combustor. The simulation predicted the levels of NOx for a particular gas turbine combustor and determined the effects of various parameters, such as flame length, hydrocarbon conversion ratio and recycle zones.

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A Diffusion Limited Model That Accurately Predicts the NOx Emissions From Gas Turbine Combustors Including the Use of Nitrogen Containing Fuels

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Development of a Custom Ambient NOx Correction Equation for a Mars SoLoNOx Gas Turbine

Development of a Custom Ambient NOx Correction Equation for a Mars SoLoNOx Gas Turbine

Evaluation of thermal NOx emission characteristics of high efficiency gas turbines using refuse-recovered low BTU gases

One-Dimensional Predictive Emission Monitoring Model for Gas Turbine Combustors

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