2006
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.32.1.101
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A diffusion model analysis of adult age differences in episodic and semantic long-term memory retrieval.

Abstract: Two experiments investigated adult age differences in episodic and semantic long-term memory tasks, as a test of the hypothesis of specific age-related decline in context memory. Older adults were slower and exhibited lower episodic accuracy than younger adults. Fits of the diffusion model (R. Ratcliff, 1978) revealed age-related increases in nondecisional reaction time for both episodic and semantic retrieval. In Experiment 2, an age difference in boundary separation also indicated an age-related increase in … Show more

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Cited by 148 publications
(180 citation statements)
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References 67 publications
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“…Thus, our results, taken together with the error literature in general, support the idea that heightened and/or sustained SLN activity occurs for recall failures compared to retrieval successes, similar to that seen for non-memory errors, although individual SLN nodes may have different response profiles. Heightened engagement of the SLN may be a general phenomenon that does not depend on the particular context in which the error occurs, but may indicate high salience of the event due to its potential impact on future behavior.We originally hypothesized that age differences in error-related activity would be greater in the AM and EM conditions, as older adults typically perform worse on these kinds of tasks compared to SM (Craik and Jennings, 1992;Spaniol et al, 2006). We found some support for this hypothesis, as there was significantly more activity for unsuccessful retrieval of personal memories in young adults, compared to older adults.…”
supporting
confidence: 72%
“…Thus, our results, taken together with the error literature in general, support the idea that heightened and/or sustained SLN activity occurs for recall failures compared to retrieval successes, similar to that seen for non-memory errors, although individual SLN nodes may have different response profiles. Heightened engagement of the SLN may be a general phenomenon that does not depend on the particular context in which the error occurs, but may indicate high salience of the event due to its potential impact on future behavior.We originally hypothesized that age differences in error-related activity would be greater in the AM and EM conditions, as older adults typically perform worse on these kinds of tasks compared to SM (Craik and Jennings, 1992;Spaniol et al, 2006). We found some support for this hypothesis, as there was significantly more activity for unsuccessful retrieval of personal memories in young adults, compared to older adults.…”
supporting
confidence: 72%
“…Although context-dependent memory tasks, such as source memory, typically produce robust age differences (e.g., Spaniol et al, 2006;Spencer & Raz, 1995), we found no significant effect of age on drift rate in this study, most likely because of low statistical power. It is also possible that the age-related behavioral deficit in source memory was minimized by the selection of highly educated samples (see Table 1).…”
Section: Behavioral Findingscontrasting
confidence: 52%
“…A full description of the model and of the estimation procedures can be found in . Similar applications of diffusion modeling to item and source memory retrieval in younger and older adults were described in detail elsewhere (e.g., Spaniol et al, 2006Spaniol et al, , 2008. Briefly, the diffusion model (Ratcliff, 1978) assumes that information that drives two-choice decisions (e.g., the mnemonic information that leads participants to decide "old" vs. "new, or "Source A" vs. "Source B") accumulates gradually and in a noisy manner.…”
Section: Behavioral Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Diffusion model analyses have been applied successfully to data from many cognitive tasks such as recognition memory (e.g. Spaniol, Madden, & Voss, 2006), lexical decision (e.g., Ratcliff, Gomez, & McKoon, 2004), perceptual discrimination (e.g., Voss et al, 2004;Voss, Rothermund, & Brandtstädter, 2008), multiple categorization tasks (Klauer, Voss, Schmitz, & Teige-Mocigemba, 2007), and others (see Wagenmakers, 2009, for a recent review). To our knowledge, however, there is no study using a diffusion model approach to investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying priming effects.…”
Section: Diffusion Model Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%