Entrepreneurship and innovative education have emerged as a new paradigm for the development of higher vocational abilities in the modern era, leaping into the global trend and tendency of higher education’s change and growth. The objective of this study is to explore the current state of innovation and entrepreneurship course construction in higher vocational schools. Specifically, we extracted students’ behavioral characteristics using the short-term behavioral sequence of attention and used the SVM model to predict the classification of innovation and business ownership education courses in higher professional colleges. Data mining was used to combine background information from the digital technology era to construct these courses in higher vocational schools. Furthermore, a multivariate linear regression model based on students’ comprehensive ability to innovate and entrepreneurship is established after the problems associated with curriculum construction are analyzed in order to investigate the relationship and impact between curriculum construction and students’ ability to innovate and entrepreneurship. The findings indicate that there is a general lack of an entrepreneurial culture in schools, a poor cultural heritage of entrepreneurship, a gender difference of 6.1, a lack of faculty strength, and a lack of funding, to the tune of 5.2 and 4.4, respectively, and the comprehensive ability of innovation and entrepreneurship of students = 0.30+0.25*curriculum structure+0.54*curriculum implementation+ 0.15*curriculum evaluation. Higher vocational institutions looking to enhance the way their courses on innovation and entrepreneurship are constructed can use the results of this study to guide their research.