A digital watermarking approach based on DCT domain combining QR code and chaotic theory

Kang, Qingbo; Li, Ké; Yang, Jichun

doi:10.1109/wocn.2014.6923098

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ref [16] is a secret hiding scheme by improving exploiting modification direction to protect the private message in QR code with the computational complexity as O(N ). The time complexity of [2] where an optical encryption is used decided by parameter λ. Ref [17], [18] both use digital watermarking technology to realize the embedding of secret information. Because the schemes employ discrete cosine transform to perform operations in the frequency domain, its computational complexity is relatively high.…”

Section: A: Methods and Computational Complexity Of Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rich QR Codes With Three-Layer Information Using Hamming Code

Liu

2019

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As a kind of machine readable symbol, the Quick Response (QR) code is widely used in all walks of life due to its large information capacity, strong error correction ability and fast read speed. However, the public encoding of the QR code makes its contents unsafe. In this paper, we introduce a novel rich QR code with three-layer information that utilizes the characteristics of the Hamming code and the error correction mechanism of the QR code to protect the secret information. The first layer information, that is, the public information, can be decoded by any standard QR reader. The XOR operation is performed on all shares to obtain the second layer information. Finally, the pixels of the same position in all shares are taken as a set of Hamming codes, respectively, and the third layer information is extracted by a matrix multiplication operation. Compared to other related schemes, the proposed scheme has the advantage of high information embedding efficiency and strong robustness against common image post-processing attacks.

show abstract

Section: A: Methods and Computational Complexity Of Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rich QR Codes With Three-Layer Information Using Hamming Code

Liu

2019

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on the watermarking scheme, Ref. [21,22] used digital watermarking technology Begin Construct a carrier pixel block and fill the s C k (i, j) ∉ functional patterns, choose the column of matrix and let X (i, j) = (a 1 (i,j) , a 2 (i,j) , ..., a…”

Section: Methods and Recovery Computation Based On The Visual Cryptogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the error correction mechanism of QR code, Ref. [8,16,[19][20][21][22] employed part of error correction codewords to embed the secret bits with the condition of ensuring the readability of QR code. While, this paper and Ref.…”

Section: Utilizing the Error Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Three-Layer QR Code Based on Secret Sharing Scheme and Liner Code

Liu

2019

Security and Communication Networks

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quick Response (QR) code, a machine-readable symbol, is widely employed in all walks of life due to its large information capacity, strong error correction ability, and fast reading speed. However, anyone with a standard decoder could obtain stored information. In this paper, utilizing the characteristics of the Hamming code, wet paper code, and the recognition mechanism of the QR code, we introduce a high-capacity QR code with three-layer information to protect the sensitive information. In the proposed scheme, we utilize the XOR-based secret-sharing algorithm to embed the second-layer information on the column vector of the constructed random matrix block. Then, without affecting the embedding result of the second layer information, the matrix block elements are reused again, and the Hamming code is constructed with the column vector. Based on the error correction mechanism of the Hamming code, the third layer of information is embedded on the column vector and encoded by wet paper coding to realize the blind extraction. Finally, based on the recognition mechanism of the QR code, the random matrix block containing the secret information is fused with the carrier QR code, and the public information of the carrier QR code is used as the first-layer information. Compared with other schemes, the proposed scheme has the advantages of high information payload, low computational complexity, and strong robustness.

show abstract

“…The QR code is an error correction code and has high information capacity. Therefore, it is commonly used as watermark generation method [58][59][60]. Hence, we propose a novel QR code-based watermark generation method.…”

Section: Odd-even Quantization-based Embedding Of Watermark Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Image Encryption and Screen-Cam Robust Two Watermarking Scheme

Chen

Ren

Zhu

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper proposes a joint encryption and screen-cam robust watermarking scheme. This method combines the advantages of smartphone, encryption and watermarking technologies, thereby achieving watermark extraction with a smartphone, partial decryption and tracking leakage from sneak shots. We design a dual watermarking algorithm to achieve watermark detection from both encrypted and decrypted images. First, a watermark is embedded in the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) domain to enable leakage tracking. Then, a second watermark is generated based on QR (Quick response) code encoding and inverse DFT to achieve high watermark capacity and error correction ability, where the secret key for decryption is included in the watermark message. By hiding this message carrying the watermark for the encrypted image in the changes caused by embedding the first watermark, we can improve imperceptibility and will not affect the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Finally, to enhance the robustness of watermark after encryption, a chaotic mapping-based segment encryption algorithm is proposed. In the process of watermark detection, to cope with perspective correction, a frame locating based algorithm is employed to achieve watermark synchronization from a recaptured picture of the encrypted image. Considering the severe quality degradation, we use a noise component and local statistic feature-based method to extract the message bits. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is secure, and highly robust, to screen-cam the process for both before and after decryption. Additionally, after decryption, the proposed scheme also has high robustness against common image processing attacks.

show abstract

A digital watermarking approach based on DCT domain combining QR code and chaotic theory

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Rich QR Codes With Three-Layer Information Using Hamming Code

Rich QR Codes With Three-Layer Information Using Hamming Code

A Novel Three-Layer QR Code Based on Secret Sharing Scheme and Liner Code

Joint Image Encryption and Screen-Cam Robust Two Watermarking Scheme

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About