A direct brainstem–amygdala–cortical ‘alarm’ system for subliminal signals of fear

Liddell, Belinda J.; Brown, Kerri J.; Kemp, Andrew H.; Barton, Matthew; Das, Pritha; Peduto, Anthony; Gordon, Evian; Williams, Leanne M.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.016

Cited by 567 publications

(501 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Like Gray and Tickle‐Degnen,12 we noted that FER deficit in PD affected all the basic emotions but was greater for negative emotions (64% of studies highlighted a global deficit, 44% for anger, 27% for happiness; Table 1). This could echo the subcortical pathway involving the pulvinar, the amygdala, and the striatum, which may lead to a coarse but fast visual information processing 40, 41. Indeed, because of its evolutionary relevance, this preserved route may induce a preattentive and autonomic bias toward threatening stimuli like angry faces 42, 43.…”

Section: Facial Emotion Recognition In Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

et al. 2018

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Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder classically characterized by motor symptoms. Among them, hypomimia affects facial expressiveness and social communication and has a highly negative impact on patients' and relatives' quality of life. Patients also frequently experience nonmotor symptoms, including emotional‐processing impairments, leading to difficulty in recognizing emotions from faces. Aside from its theoretical importance, understanding the disruption of facial emotion recognition in PD is crucial for improving quality of life for both patients and caregivers, as this impairment is associated with heightened interpersonal difficulties. However, studies assessing abilities in recognizing facial emotions in PD still report contradictory outcomes. The origins of this inconsistency are unclear, and several questions (regarding the role of dopamine replacement therapy or the possible consequences of hypomimia) remain unanswered. We therefore undertook a fresh review of relevant articles focusing on facial emotion recognition in PD to deepen current understanding of this nonmotor feature, exploring multiple significant potential confounding factors, both clinical and methodological, and discussing probable pathophysiological mechanisms. This led us to examine recent proposals about the role of basal ganglia‐based circuits in emotion and to consider the involvement of facial mimicry in this deficit from the perspective of embodied simulation theory. We believe our findings will inform clinical practice and increase fundamental knowledge, particularly in relation to potential embodied emotion impairment in PD. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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Section: Facial Emotion Recognition In Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

et al. 2018

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“…For example, neuroimaging studies in healthy subjects had shown amygdala activation along with other subcortical structures receiving direct visual input from the retina, such as the superior colliculus and the pulvinar, in response to facial expressions whose awareness was prevented by visual masking, flash suppression, or filtered in low spatial frequencies (Liddell et al, 2005;Morris, Ohman, & Dolan, 1998;Morris, Ohman, & Dolan, 1999;Vuilleumier, Armony, Driver, & Dolan, 2003;Whalen et al, 1998). Likewise, animal studies using classical conditioning on the auditory system of rodents were demonstrating that the amygdala is able to detect emotionally salient stimuli in the environment and to initiate appropriate responses toward them even before a detailed perceptual analysis was provided by primary sensory cortices (LeDoux, 1996;LeDoux, 2008).…”

Section: The Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuroimaging data on healthy subjects in whom nonconscious perception of emotions had been induced by experimental manipulations such as visual masking, flash suppression, or spatial filtering have revealed that the superior colliculus, pulvinar and amygdala constitute a functional network that shows increased, positive covariation of activity in response to nonconsciously perceived fearful facial expressions (Liddell et al, 2005;Morris et al, 1999;Vuilleumier et al, 2003;Whalen et al, 1998Whalen et al, , 2004Williams et al, 2006). By contrast, the major cortical pathway relaying visual input to the amygdala does not show substantial activity and functional connectivity under the same conditions but does so during conscious perception of emotional stimuli (Pasley, Mayes, & Schultz, 2004;Williams et al, 2006).…”

Section: Functional and Structural Neuroanatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

From affective blindsight to emotional consciousness

Celeghin

Gelder

Tamietto

2015

Consciousness and Cognition

113

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a b s t r a c tFollowing destruction or denervation of the primary visual cortex (V1) cortical blindness ensues. Affective blindsight refers to the uncanny ability of such patients to respond correctly, or above chance level, to visual emotional expressions presented to their blind fields. Fifteen years after its original discovery, affective blindsight still fascinates neuroscientists and philosophers alike, as it offers a unique window on the vestigial properties of our visual system that, though present in the intact brain, tend to be unnoticed or even actively inhibited by conscious processes. Here we review available studies on affective blindsight with the intent to clarify its functional properties, neural bases and theoretical implications. Evidence converges on the role of subcortical structures of old evolutionary origin such as the superior colliculus, the pulvinar and the amygdala in mediating affective blindsight and nonconscious perception of emotions. We conclude that approaching consciousness, and its absence, from the vantage point of emotion processing may uncover important relations between the two phenomena, as consciousness may have evolved as an evolutionary specialization to interact with others and become aware of their social and emotional expressions.

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“…The latter may have become impossible due to brain damage, as in the rare cases of selective striate cortex damage, or because awareness is prevented by experimental manipulation; most typically visual masking (Dimberg et al, 2000;Esteves, Dimberg, & Öhman, 1994;Jolij & Lamme, 2005;Killgore & Yurgelun-Todd, 2004;Liddell et al, 2005;Morris, Ohman et al, 1998;Murphy & Zajonc, 1993;Niedenthal, 1990;Pessoa, Japee, Sturman, & Ungerleider, 2006;Pessoa, Japee, & Ungerleider, 2005;Tamietto & de Gelder, 2008a;Whalen et al, 2004;Whalen et al, 1998b;Williams et al, 2006;Williams et al, 2004). This suggests that there might be a nonconscious perceptual subsystem for visually based affect experience and cognition.…”

Section: Subcortical Social Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faces, Bodies, Social Vision as Agent Vision, and Social Consciousness

Gelder¹,

Tamietto²

2010

The Science of Social Vision

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and KeywordsThis chapter discusses recent findings from research on face and body perception giving special attention to the implications of the findings for social vision. The first section is devoted to similarities between the processes underlying face and body perception. The second section discusses how the perception of faces and bodies is integrated. The third section tackles issues on conscious and nonconscious perception of socially meaningful signals and their neuroanatomical underpinnings. Finally, the relation between social vision and awareness is explored, and notion of social consciousness is developed. Throughout the chapter, the notions of agent vision and social vision are used in the sense made familiar by the expression "night vision" to refer to various devices that expand the normal visual abilities and allows the observer to see in the dark, outside the spotlight of consciousness.

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A direct brainstem–amygdala–cortical ‘alarm’ system for subliminal signals of fear

Cited by 567 publications

References 38 publications

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

From affective blindsight to emotional consciousness

Faces, Bodies, Social Vision as Agent Vision, and Social Consciousness

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