A direct oculomotor correlate of unconscious visual processing

Rothkirch, Marcus; Stein, Timo; Sekutowicz, Maria; Sterzer, Philipp

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.046

Cited by 43 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In line with this possibility, recent studies have shown that exogenous attention can be summoned by monocular supraliminal onsets in a spatialcueing paradigm (Self & Roelfsema, 2010). In addition, and even more relevant to the present hypothesis, it has been found that attention (and eye movements) can also be unconsciously shifted toward a suppressed target singleton during CFS (Hsieh, Colas, & Kanwisher, 2011;Rothkirch, Stein, Sekutowicz, & Sterzer, 2012;Zhaoping, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Learning of monocular information facilitates breakthrough to awareness during interocular suppression

Mastropasqua

Tse

Turatto

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Continuous flash suppression (CFS) is a potent method of inducing binocular rivalry, wherein a rapid succession of high-contrast images presented to one eye effectively blocks from awareness a low-contrast image presented to the other eye. Here we addressed whether the contents of the suppressed image can break through to awareness with extended CFS exposure. On 2/3 of the trials, we presented a faint bar (the target) to the nondominant eye while a high-contrast flickering Mondrian (the mask) was displayed to the dominant eye. Participants were first asked to report whether the target had broken through the CFS mask. Furthermore, on targetpresent trials, the participants were then asked to guess whether the target had appeared above or below the fixation point. In Experiment 1, the target was presented with a fixed orientation for four blocks of trials, whereas in the fifth block, the target could also have the orthogonal orientation. In Experiment 2, the target was always presented with a fixed orientation, but in the fifth block, unbeknownst to participants, the target and the mask were swapped across the eyes. We found that awareness of the target rapidly improved with training in both experiments. However, whereas Experiment 1 revealed that the improvement largely generalized across stimulus orientations, Experiment 2 showed that the effect of practice was eye-specific. The results suggest that increased breakthrough with training was due to a monocular form of learning. Finally, a control experiment was conducted to exclude the possibility that the monocular learning we reported could have been due to sensory adaptation caused by the masks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Learning of monocular information facilitates breakthrough to awareness during interocular suppression

Mastropasqua

Tse

Turatto

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…The occurrence of unconscious processing, and possibly unconscious awareness, during anomaly detection is the basis of this research effort and is a topic that has been explored by numerous other researchers (Rensink, 2004;Spering, Pomplun, & Carrasco, 2011;Spering & Carrasco, 2015;Galpin, Underwood, & Chapman, 2008;Rothkirch, Stein, Sekutowicz, & Sterzer, 2012;Underwood, Templeman, Lamming, & Foulsham, 2008;Chen & Yeh, 2012). It is evident, from studies focusing on change blindness, that relatively little information from the visual world is internally stored.…”

Section: Correlates Of Unconscious Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are significantly fewer papers focused specifically on these goals; however, research has been done in an attempt to accomplish these tasks (Rothkirch, Stein, Sekutowicz, & Sterzer, 2012;Jacob & Hochstein, 2009). Rothkirch et al (2012) performed a study in which participants performed a search task in order to locate a Gabor patch that was made supposedly invisible using continuous flash suppression (CFS) techniques (Tsuchiya & Koch, 2005).…”

Section: Correlates Of Unconscious Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving Anomaly Detection Through Identification of Physiological Signatures of Unconscious Awareness

Piasecki

2016

Advances in Human Factors and System Interactions

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Missed anomalies have the potential to cause detrimental effects in the Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) domain. One possible cause of these missed anomalies is that cognitive processing may not reach conscious awareness and may only be perceived by the unconscious mind. Identification of correlates of these unconscious processes could provide an insight into potential missed targets. The present study explored missed anomalies in a visual search task and the possibility of unconscious awareness. Eye metrics were recorded and a "Detection Threshold Model" was created and validated with a nominal logistic regression model, in order to characterize the search patterns and eye metrics of detection, non-detection, and possible unconscious detection. Results indicated that eye metrics of fixation count, fixation duration, mean saccade length, and backtrack rate predicted detections and non-detections with an overall accuracy of about 90%. Additionally, gaze plots of possible unconscious detections revealed signature search patterns of detection.iv

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“…This is why your left eye sees the dog and your right eye sees the ice cream. even guess where it was, their eye movements were more often directed to the place where the pattern was [4]! Somehow, even though the pattern was invisible to the volunteers, they seem to have been able to use the information.…”

Section: Reviewed Bymentioning

confidence: 99%