2005
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.12.015
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A discussion paper on challenges and limitations to water reuse and hygiene in the food industry

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Cited by 201 publications
(138 citation statements)
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“…When the total cost of production water is calculated for the food and beverage industry it is vital not just to look at the cost of the volume used and the volume disposed, but also to look at the potential loss in income when the product is disposed as effluent (Casani et al, 2005 (Fillaudeau et al, 2008).…”
Section: Minimisation Of Water Usage and Pollution Loadmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When the total cost of production water is calculated for the food and beverage industry it is vital not just to look at the cost of the volume used and the volume disposed, but also to look at the potential loss in income when the product is disposed as effluent (Casani et al, 2005 (Fillaudeau et al, 2008).…”
Section: Minimisation Of Water Usage and Pollution Loadmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In dairy plants, water consumption levels are determined by production output and the applied technologies. The implementation of adequate production hygiene standards, the need to reduce water consumption and increase the effectiveness of wastewater treatment in various branches of the food processing industry have been discussed by numerous authors [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . The microbiological quality of milk determines the range of heat treatments in a dairy plant, and it affects the usage of cooling water in heat exchangers and the consumption of cleaning water.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, beyond the purification of water, the concept of water reuse, and specifically potable water reuse, is becoming increasingly important. On the other hand, it still faces a number of challenges such as treatment costs, potential chronic toxicity and public acceptance (3)(4)(5). From a technical viewpoint, the installation of distribution systems at centralized facilities has yet to be done, and it is clear that different technologies can been applied depending on local conditions and requirements making the 'one-size-fits-all' approach unlikely.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%