A disordered rock salt anode for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries with high energy density that can be safely charged and discharged at high rates are desirable for electrified transportation and other applications 1-3. However, the sub-optimal intercalation potentials of current anodes result in a trade-off between energy density, power and safety. Here we report that disordered rock salt 4,5 Li3+xV2O5 can be used as a fast-charging anode that can reversibly cycle two lithium ions at an average voltage of about 0.6 volts versus a Li/Li + reference electrode. The increased potential compared to graphite 6,7 reduces the likelihood of lithium metal plating if proper charging controls are used, alleviating a major safety concern (short-circuiting related to Li dendrite growth). In addition, a lithium-ion battery with a disordered rock salt Li3V2O5 anode yields a cell voltage much higher than does a battery using a commercial fastcharging lithium titanate anode or other intercalation anode candidates (Li3VO4 and LiV0.5Ti0.5S2) 8,9. Further, disordered rock salt Li3V2O5 can perform over 1,000 charge-discharge cycles with negligible capacity decay and exhibits exceptional rate capability, delivering over 40 per cent of its capacity in 20 seconds. We attribute the low voltage and high rate capability of disordered rock salt Li3V2O5 to a redistributive lithium intercalation mechanism with low energy barriers revealed via ab initio calculations. This low-potential, high-rate intercalation reaction can be used to identify other metal oxide anodes for fast-charging, long-life lithium-ion batteries.

Regulating Mass Transport Behavior for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries and Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…Recently, a disordered rock salt Li 3+ x V 2 O 5 (LVO) was reported to be used as a fast‐charging anode that can reversibly cycle two Li ions at an average voltage of ≈0.6 V (versus Li/ Li + ). [ 93 ] Its low voltage and high rate capability are attributed to a redistributive Li intercalation mechanism with low energy barriers. The Li diffusion in LVO is more than an order of magnitude faster than that in graphite.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 93 ] Copyright 2020, Springer Nature. c) The preparation of P/C composites base on P, an attractive anode material with high specific capacity and relatively low lithiation potential.…”

Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors: From Insertion‐Type Materials Design to Devices Construction

“…Reproduced with permission. [66] Copyright 2017, Springer Nature. www.afm-journal.de www.advancedsciencenews.com…”

A Stable CaV4O9 Anode Promises Near‐Zero Volume Change and High‐Capacity Lithium Storage

“…[ 1 ] Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) with an unmatchable combination of high energy and power density, as well as mature manufacturing technology, are considered as the first choice for portable energy storage in the long run. [ 2 ] Despite LIBs have received extensive applications for the past 20 years, most progress was made at the manufacturing level [ 3 ] but not because of material advances. To date, very few types of anode materials have been reported to be viable for commercialization apart from the intercalation‐type graphite [ 4 ] and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 .…”