“…Heating small areas with microheaters is an important task for several applications, from flow-sensing [ 37 , 38 ], degassing, driving and assisting electrochemical sensors [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], to microfluidic system temperature control and sensing [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Carbon and graphene-based printed devices have recently demonstrated unprecedented performance in temperature sensing and microheater fabrication [ 16 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]; due to their unique properties, such as high mechanical durability, resistance to environmental corrosion and contamination, and an ability to reach high temperatures without changing their properties, these materials are excellent candidates for these applications.…”