2019
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz051
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A distinct inferential mechanism for delusions in schizophrenia

Abstract: Delusions, a core symptom of psychosis, are false beliefs that are rigidly held with strong conviction despite contradictory evidence. Alterations in inferential processes have long been proposed to underlie delusional pathology, but previous attempts to show this have failed to yield compelling evidence for a specific relationship between inferential abnormalities and delusional severity in schizophrenia. Using a novel, incentivized information-sampling task (a modified version of the beads task), alongside w… Show more

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Cited by 87 publications
(107 citation statements)
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References 55 publications
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“…Perhaps building a PRS based on the positive symptom dimension or delusions would be more associated with the bias. However, in line with a recent finding that patients with higher delusion severity may have a tendency to increased information seeking 47 , we found delusions were associated with higher number of beads drawn in our supplementary analysis, although with a small effect size and attenuation after adjustment. Whereas, the direction of the effect of positive-like experiences on the number of beads requested by controls was expected 9,48,49 .…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Perhaps building a PRS based on the positive symptom dimension or delusions would be more associated with the bias. However, in line with a recent finding that patients with higher delusion severity may have a tendency to increased information seeking 47 , we found delusions were associated with higher number of beads drawn in our supplementary analysis, although with a small effect size and attenuation after adjustment. Whereas, the direction of the effect of positive-like experiences on the number of beads requested by controls was expected 9,48,49 .…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Here, we specifically applied this method to test whether hallucinations and delusions are associated with distinct changes in INT at low and high levels of neural hierarchies, respectively. We hypothesized that INT at these respective levels would increase with more severe symptoms, reflecting increased neural integration of prior information in line with behavioral findings in hallucinations and delusions (4,5,(27)(28)(29). If present, these INT changes should manifest as symptomspecific differences in hierarchical gradients.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 80%
“…We and others have proposed that this apparent tension may be resolved in the context of hierarchical perceptual-inference models (1, 3,4,[10][11][12][13]. One possibility is that alterations at higher levels-supporting inferences on abstract hidden states like someone's intentions-may drive delusions, and alterations at lower levels-supporting inferences about lower-level features of stimuli such as stimulus presence or absencemay drive hallucinations (2,4,6,8,14,15). In addition to these symptom-specific pathways, alterations at any level may naturally propagate throughout the interdependent levels of the hierarchy, potentially explaining symptom co-occurrence (16).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Similarly, research using the beads task has shown that the classic 'jumping-to-conclusions' bias (whereby participants with psychosis request less information prior to making a decision than healthy controls (Huq et al, 1988)) is reversed when information is costly rather than free (Baker, Konova, Daw, & Horga, 2019). A dissociation between preferences for costless and costly information may help to account for these apparent discrepancies.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%