A distributed algorithm for semantic collectors election in wireless sensors networks

Abstract

Abs tract. Semantic clustering is a recent technique for saving energy in wireless sensor networks. Its mechanism of action consists in dividing the network into groups (clusters) formed by semantically related nodes and at least one semantic collector, which acts as a bridge between its internal nodes and the sink node. Since semantic collector nodes need to perform more tasks than normal nodes, they deplete their energy budget faster, so it is necessary to use efficient mechanisms for electing semantic collectors to prolong the network lifetime. Our hypothesis is that an effective choice of semantic collectors allows a longer network lifetime. To test it, we start from a previous work of the authors of this article and we propose an algorithm for electing semantic collectors in a distributed way based on a fuzzy inference engine. The inputs of the inference engine are the residual energy of nodes and their received signal strength indicator (RSSI). Simulation results confirm our hypothesis, since the algorithm provides (i) an improvement of 17.4% in relation to another proposal of the related literature, and (ii) a gain of 68.8% over the time life of the network's original work.

Application of wireless sensor networks for beehive monitoring and in-hive thermal patterns detection

“…(2)) proposed by Jurdak et al (2008). This power model was chosen for its comprehensive implementation and for being used in other WSN work of the research group to which this work is linked Carvalho et al (2011), Hermeto et al (2014 and Kridi et al (2014): where E t represents the energy cost in millijoules (mJ) for packet transmissions; P send is the quantity of packets sent; P size is the size in bytes of each packet (4 bytes referring to a float number that represents the temperature sent), considering payload only; T B represents the time required for the XBee module to send 1 byte (32); I t is the electrical current value in the wireless module in transmit mode (45 mA) and V is the voltage supplied to the device. Note that we do not analyze packet receive costs, since we are interested to see how much of these will be saved by reducing the node to send data.…”

FLECHA: a Forecasting eLEction meCHAnism for semantic collectors sensor nodes

“…The semantic clustering is used for event monitoring in a WSN and its cluster is formed by the similarity of the data captured by the nodes, which elect a semantic leader (collector) [Hermeto et al 2013, Rocha et al 2012. The semantic clustering has better energy efficiency than other classical clustering methods [Rocha et al 2012].…”

“…It is possible to improve the lifetime of the semantic clustering using fuzzy logic to elect the semantic collector [Hermeto et al 2013]. Using metrics such as residual energy and Euclidean distance it is feasible to have an alternation of leaders to decrease the overhead in the collector (leader) [Hermeto et al 2013]. FLECHA uses a predictive method to anticipate the election of a new semantic collector through this proactive approach, making it is possible to improve the lifetime of the WSN.…”

“…Nowadays, these small-size nodes play a key role as a sensing and communication infrastructure for the smart-x applications [Somov andGiaffreda 2015, Mónton andPicone 2015], such as smart environment, smart metering, smart agriculture, and green smart cities [Gomes and Forster 2015]. Although there are interesting energyharvesting solutions in outdoor and low power applications [Frohlich et al 2015], most of the sensor nodes are battery-operated [Hermeto et al 2013], making energy efficiency a critical goal. ,To achieve a higher energy efficiency related to data transmission, a commonly used technique in wireless sensor networks is clustering.…”

“…The proximity of the nodes is one of the main parameters of clustering in a physical clustering. Semantic clustering, instead, uses the similarity of data collected by nodes, i.e., when certain nodes detect the same kind of data, the semantic cluster is created [Hermeto et al 2013, Rocha et al 2012. The semantic clustering also uses the concept of leader (semantic collector), analogous to the CH in a physical cluster.…”